Medicinal Plant Research 2025, Vol.15, No.5, 206-213 http://hortherbpublisher.com/index.php/mpr 212 Acknowledgments The authors express gratitude to the research team for their assistance and cooperation during the research process, as well as their support in data organization. At the same time, we would also like to express our gratitude to the two anonymous review experts for their constructive opinions and suggestions, which have provided useful references for the revision and improvement of the manuscript. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The authors affirm that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Bharadwaj R., Kumar S., Sharma A., and Sathishkumar R., 2021, Plant metabolic gene clusters: evolution, organization, and their applications in synthetic biology, Front. Plant Sci., 12: 697318. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.697318 Birchfield A., and McIntosh C., 2020, Metabolic engineering and synthetic biology of plant natural products - A minireview, Curr. Plant Biol., 22: 100163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpb.2020.100163 Calero P., and Nikel P., 2018, Chasing bacterial chassis for metabolic engineering: a perspective review from classical to non-traditional microorganisms, Microb. Biotechnol., 12(1): 98-124. https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.13292 Chen C., Zhou L., Han Y., Wen J., Liu L., Liu Q., Peng C., and He Y., 2024, Comprehensive analysis of the effects of climate change on the species distribution and active components of Leonurus japonicus Houtt., Ind. Crops Prod., 211: 119017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2024.119017 Choi K., Jang W., Yang D., Cho J., Park D., and Lee S., 2019, Systems metabolic engineering strategies: integrating systems and synthetic biology with metabolic engineering, Trends Biotechnol., 37(8): 817-837. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2019.01.003 Du B., Zhang X., Shi N., Peng T., Gao J., Azimova B., Zhang R., Pu D., Wang C., Abduvaliev A., Rakhmanov A., Zhang G., Xiao W., and Wang F., 2020, Luteolin-7-methylether fromLeonurus japonicus inhibits estrogen biosynthesis in human ovarian granulosa cells by suppression of aromatase (CYP19), Eur. J. Pharmacol., 883: 173154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173154 García-Granados R., Lerma-Escalera J., and Morones-Ramírez J., 2019, Metabolic engineering and synthetic biology: synergies, future, and challenges, Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol., 7: 36. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2019.00036 Garran T., Ji R., Chen J., Xie D., Guo L., Huang L., and Lai C., 2019, Elucidation of metabolite isomers of Leonurus japonicus and Leonurus cardiaca using discriminating metabolite isomerism strategy based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, J. Chromatogr. A, 1598: 141-153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2019.03.059 He Z., Li P., Liu P., and Xu P., 2024, Exploring stachydrine: from natural occurrence to biological activities and metabolic pathways, Front. Plant Sci., 15: 1442879. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1442879 Kwan B., Seligmann B., Nguyen T., Franke J., and Dang T., 2023, Leveraging synthetic biology and metabolic engineering to overcome obstacles in plant pathway elucidation, Curr. Opin. Plant Biol., 71: 102330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2022.102330 Lee H., Vo P., and Na D., 2018, Advancement of metabolic engineering assisted by synthetic biology, Catalysts, 8(12): 619. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal8120619 Lee J., Kim C., Lee H., and Hwang J., 2020, Inhibitory effects of standardized Leonurus japonicus extract and its bioactive leonurine on TNF-α-induced muscle atrophy in L6 myotubes, J. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 30: 1896-1904. https://doi.org/10.4014/jmb.2005.05023 Li P., Yan M., Liu P., Yang D., He Z., Gao Y., Jiang Y., Kong Y., Zhong X., Wu S., Yang J., Wang H., Huang Y., Wang L., Chen X., Hu Y., Zhao Q., and Xu P., 2023, Multi-omics analyses of two Leonurus species illuminate leonurine biosynthesis and its evolution, Mol. Plant, 16(11): 2058-2075. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molp.2023.11.003 Li Y., Jia Q., Zhang M., Kang L., Li Z., Liu Y., Zhang H., and Hu P., 2022, Isolation of three glucaric acids fromLeonurus japonicus Houtt. by using high-speed countercurrent chromatography combined with semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography, J. Sep. Sci., 45(5): 1234-1242. https://doi.org/10.1002/jssc.202100876 Lv X., Hueso-Gil A., Bi X., Wu Y., Liu Y., Liu L., and Ledesma-Amaro R., 2022, New synthetic biology tools for metabolic control, Curr. Opin. Biotechnol., 76: 102724. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102724
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