Medicinal Plant Research 2025, Vol.15, No.5, 206-213 http://hortherbpublisher.com/index.php/mpr 207 2 Genomic Research Progress of Leonurus japonicus var. tongzi 2.1 Genome sequencing and assembly status A chromosome-level genome assembly at high resolution of L. japonicus was achieved with ONT long read and Hi-C combined. The assembly length is 489.34 Mb, has ten anchored chromosomes, a scaffold N50 of 50.86 Mb, and a contig N50 of 7.27 Mb. Assembly quality is guaranteed by having a BUSCO score of 99.2%, and 22,531 protein-coding genes are annotated, which offers a solid foundation for functional and comparative genomics (Yang et al., 2022; Li et al., 2023; Wang et al., 2024) (Figure 1). Figure 1 Genomic analysis of L. japonicus and L. sibiricus. (A) Overview of the genome assemblies and annotations of L. japonicus andL. sibiricus; (B) Collinearity analysis between L. japonicus andL. sibiricus chromosomes (Adopted from Li et al., 2023) 2.2 Transcriptome analysis and functional gene identification Transcriptomic information from various tissues has allowed protein-coding gene annotation and description of significant enzymes involved in special metabolism, such as diterpenoid and alkaloid biosynthesis. Multi-omics integration revealed the roles of arginine decarboxylase (ADC), uridine diphosphate glucosyltransferase (UGT), and serine carboxypeptidase-like (SCPL) acyltransferase in leonurine biosynthesis, with geneset-specific clusters andL. japonicus regulatory networks (Wang et al., 2022; Li et al., 2023; Chen et al., 2024).
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