Medicinal Plant Research 2025, Vol.15, No.4, 151-160 http://hortherbpublisher.com/index.php/mpr 153 induction rate, root number and root elongation (Wang et al., 2022; Zhang et al., 2025b). Auxin promotes the formation of a strong root system, through stimulating the cell division and elongation of the root tip meristem, and enhances the plant's water and nutrient absorption capacity. Wang et al. (2022) found that, an appropriate hormone ratio (MS + 3 mg/L 6-BA + 0.5 mg/L NAA + 0.8 mg/L ZT + 0.2 mg/L 2,4-D), could significantly increase the induction rate (up to 89%) of prosphere structure (PLB) of A. roxburghii. And, the middle segment performs better than the base or top segment (Figure 1). Cytokinin plays a role in maintaining root vitality, and promoting bud proliferation, when it is in balance with auxin. A reasonable ratio of cytokinin to auxin can simultaneously support the development of roots and buds, which is very important for the survival and growth of transplanted seedlings (Wang et al., 2022; Zhang et al., 2025b). Cytokinin helps maintain meristem activity and delay root senescence, ensuring that the root system remains physiologically active during the critical domestication stage. The interaction between auxin and cytokinin, is also involved in regulating the expression of genes related to cell cycle, differentiation and stress adaptation. Figure 1 Induction, proliferation, and regeneration of A. roxburghii PLB. (a) Induction of A. roxburghii PLBs. The arrows indicate stem nodes near apical shoot. (b) Magnification (4×) of the selected area in panel a. (c) Magnification (4×) of the selected area in panel d. (d) Secondary PLB induction. (e) Mastoid PLB mass. (f) Shoot formation. (g) Root formation (the roots are within the circled region) (Adopted from Wang et al., 2022) Image caption: The image clearly shows that under different tissue positions and culture conditions, the PLBs of Anoectochilus roxburghii can achieve efficient regeneration. Moreover, with appropriate hormone combinations (6-BA, NAA, ZT, 2,4-D) and light regulation, the transition from protocorm-like bodies to complete plantlets can be successfully accomplished, indicating the feasibility of this system for large-scale propagation and rapid seedling production (Adapted from Wang et al., 2022)
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