Medicinal Plant Research 2025, Vol.15, No.4, 161-168 http://hortherbpublisher.com/index.php/mpr 161 Research Article Open Access Study on the Molecular Basis of Stress Resistance Mechanisms and Cultivation Strategies in Sapindus Seedlings Yali Deng 1, Xuebiao Fu 2 1 Tropical Medicinal Plant Research Center, Hainan Institute of Tropical Agricultural Resources, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China 2 Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Center, Cuixi Academy of Biotechnology, Zhuji, 311800, Zhejiang, China Corresponding author: xuebiao.fu@cuixi.org Medicinal Plant Research, 2025, Vol.15, No.4 doi: 10.5376/mpr.2025.15.0017 Received: 15 May, 2025 Accepted: 20 Jun., 2025 Published: 08 Jul., 2025 Copyright © 2025 Deng and Fu, This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Preferred citation for this article: Deng Y.L., and Fu X.B., 2025, Study on the molecular basis of stress resistance mechanisms and cultivation strategies in Sapindus seedlings, Medicinal Plant Research, 15(4): 161-168 (doi: 10.5376/mpr.2025.15.0017) Abstract Sapindus mukorossi, being an important economic and ecological tree, is experiencing low survival and growth of its seedlings under stress conditions such as drought, cold temperature, salinity, and pest and disease pressure, which have a direct effect on industry development. There has been outstanding advancement in S. mukorossi seedling stress tolerance studies in the recent past. This review systematically summarizes the recent research achievements on stress tolerance, including physiological and biochemical responses, molecular regulatory mechanisms, and multi-omics studies, including signal perception and transduction, key transcription factors, stress-response genes and functional proteins, and epigenic regulation. Special emphasis is placed on the application of multi-omics technologies to elucidating stress regulatory networks, e.g., transcriptomics, metabolomics, proteomics, and integrative analysis therefrom. The book also discusses how to strengthen seedling stress resistance through methods including traditional nursery management, molecular breeding, genetic engineering and genome editing, and microbial symbiotic systems, and introduces productive experiences of rapid screening of stress-resistant seedlings, constructing effective nursery systems, and utilization to ecological restoration and industry. The study especially highlights the combination of molecular mechanism research and practice in cultivation, providing a regular theoretical and practical reference for industrial utilization of stress-tolerant S. mukorossi seedlings, cultivation management, and molecular breeding. Keywords Sapindus mukorossi; Seedling; Stress tolerance; Molecular basis; Cultivation methods 1 Introduction Sapindus mukorossi is a subtropically and tropically widespread ecologically and economically useful tree species with widespread ecological services that include soil fixation, carbon sequestration, and wildlife support, while its seeds and saponin-yielding fruits are used in soap, cosmetics, and traditional medicine, hugely contributing to the economy at the local level. The dual ecological and economic importance of S. mukorossi focuses on the need to ensure healthy and strong seedling production in order to achieve sustainable industry growth (Liu et al., 2024b). Seedling production is the foundation of S. mukorossi plantation establishment and long-term productivity. High-quality seedlings with good growth and stress tolerance are essential for achieving stable survival percentages, maximum growth, and sustained yields in plantations. Efficient nursery operations and propagation techniques have direct bearings on the success of reforestation, commercial yield, and ecological rehabilitation programs (Liu et al., 2022). Despite its adaptability, S. mukorossi seedlings are prone to abiotic and biotic stresses. Drought and salinity may undermine water uptake and growth, low temperature may cause tissue damage and retarded growth, and pest and disease pressure may reduce survival rates and seedling performance. All these problems limit the development of productive plantations and lower general productivity, making stress-resistance research a priority (Zhao et al., 2019). This study provides comprehensive details on the molecular mechanisms of stress tolerance in S. mukorossi seedlings and associated cultivation practices that optimally enhance seedling performance under stress. Through integrating physiological, molecular, and multi-omics data with realistic cultivation strategies, the study highlights
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