Medicinal Plant Research 2025, Vol.15, No.4, 151-160 http://hortherbpublisher.com/index.php/mpr 158 7.2 Relationship between root recovery and whole-plant growth Root recovery, directly affects the growth of the aboveground part, through the root-stem signaling mechanism. For instance, the changes in root hormone levels and nutrient status, induced by stress will be transmitted to the above-ground parts, thereby affecting plant height, leaf development and flowering time. Transcription factors, like ArHDZ22, can simultaneously regulate the responses of roots and stems, integrating environmental signals with internal signals to optimize the overall adaptability of the plant (Zhang et al., 2024; 2025a). A healthy root system can enhance the absorption of water and nutrients, supporting higher photosynthetic efficiency and biomass accumulation. Under optimal conditions or targeted treatments, such as sololactone and LED light, the improvement of root activity, will lead to an increase in chlorophyll content, improved photosynthetic performance, and ultimately achieve higher yield and medicinal quality (Gam et al., 2020; Zhang et al., 2024; Zhong et al., 2025). 7.3 Implications for industrial cultivation of A. roxburghii Successful industrial cultivation, depends on optimizing substrate composition, hormone treatment and environmental conditions to promote vigorous root recovery. Schemes that can enhance root vitality, antioxidant capacity and nutrient absorption, are important for cultivating high-quality transplanted seedlings with strong vitality and growth potential (Zhang et al., 2025b; Zhong et al., 2025). Adopting environmentally friendly measures - such as using LED light sources, to optimize growth and the accumulation of secondary metabolites, as well as rationally applying targeted hormone treatment - can not only increase yield and quality, but reduce environmental impact. The strategies provide strong support for the sustainable large-scale production, and germplasm resource conservation of Anoectochilus roxburghii (Gam et al., 2020; Zhang et al., 2025b). 8 Concluding Remarks After transplantation, the seedlings of A. roxburghii obtained through tissue culture, will undergo a series of root physiological changes, including the regulation of hormone signals, the adjustment of nutrient absorption patterns, and the modification of antioxidant responses. These changes are coordinated, by the interaction of hormones such as auxin, cytokinin, ethylene and abscisic acid, thereby affecting root elongation, meristem activity and stress adaptation. The enhancement of antioxidant enzyme activity and the accumulation of osmotic protective substances, such as proline and soluble sugar, help alleviate oxidative stress and promote root regeneration. The signal exchange between the roots and stems further balances the distribution of nutrients and hormones, ensuring the overall recovery and growth of the plant. It also pointed out that key factors, containing auxin, cytokinin, strigolide, nitric oxide, and transcription factors, that regulate root structure and stress response, are integrated with metabolic and antioxidant pathways, playing a decisive role in the adaptation and recovery of the root system after transplantation. But, this study remains more at the physiological and biochemical levels, and there is still a lack of in-depth exploration of the mechanisms at the molecular level. For instance, changes in gene expression or signal networks at the transcriptome and proteome levels, have not yet been systematically analyzed. This also limits the precise localization of specific genes and pathways. Furthermore, most of the results are derived from greenhouse, or laboratory conditions and may not fully reflect the complexity of the field environment. Soil microbial communities, nutrient fluctuations and climate differences in the wild environment may all lead to different adaptation outcomes. Future research should integrate transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics, to reveal the molecular networks of the transplanting adaptation process, and optimize substrates, hormones and acclimation protocols under field conditions. Meanwhile, it is also necessary to explore eco-friendly and sustainable cultivation models, to enhance root vitality, increase survival rates and medicinal quality, thereby promoting the large-scale production and industrial application of A. roxburghii.
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