MPR_2025v15n3

Medicinal Plant Research 2025, Vol.15, No.3, 129-141 http://hortherbpublisher.com/index.php/mpr 141 Yang M., Mao L., Yang X., Xu X., Tang C., Wei W., and Chen J., 2023, Ginsenoside compound K exerts anti-inflammatory effects through transcriptional activation and transcriptional inhibition of glucocorticoid receptor in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes, International Immunopharmacology, 125: 111080. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111080 Yi Y.S., 2019, Roles of ginsenosides in inflammasome activation, Journal of Ginseng Research, 43(2): 172-178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgr.2017.11.005 Yi Y.S., 2021, New mechanisms of ginseng saponin-mediated anti-inflammatory action via targeting canonical inflammasome signaling pathways, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 278: 114292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2021.114292 You L., Cha S., Kim M.Y., and Cho J.Y., 2022, Ginsenosides are active ingredients in Panax ginseng with immunomodulatory properties from cellular to organismal levels, Journal of Ginseng Research, 46(6): 711-721. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgr.2021.12.007 Zhang L., Gao X., Yang C., Liang Z., Guan D., Yuan T., Qi W., Zhao D., Li X., Dong H., and Zhang H., 2024, Structural Characters and Pharmacological Activity of Protopanaxadiol‐Type Saponins and Protopanaxatriol‐Type Saponins from Ginseng, Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2024(1): 9096774. https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/9096774 Zhang M., Ren H., Li K., Xie S., Zhang R., Zhang L., Xia J., Chen X., Li X., and Wang J., 2021, Therapeutic effect of various ginsenosides on rheumatoid arthritis, BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, 21(1): 149. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-021-03302-5 Zhao L., Zhang T., and Zhang K., 2024, Pharmacological effects of ginseng and ginsenosides on intestinal inflammation and the immune system, Frontiers in Immunology, 15: 1353614. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1353614 Zheng Y., Tan H., Chai J., Han L., Zhai C., Lee J., Li X., and Zhao Y., 2024, Ginseng fruit rare saponins (GFRS) improved inflammatory response: In vitro and in vivo assessment, Fitoterapia, 179: 106244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2024.106244 Zhou K., Zhang Y., Zhou Y., Xu M., and Yu S., 2023, Production of Gypenoside XVII from ginsenoside Rb1 by enzymatic transformation and their anti-inflammatory activity in vitro and in vivo, Molecules, 28. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28197001 Zhou Y., Zhang Y., Wang L., Liu Y., Wang Z., and Guo L., 2025, Ginsenoside Rg1 regulating inflammatory response and bone-remodeling through Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway in rats with periodontitis, Scientific Reports, 15(1): 7478. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-92165-8

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