Medicinal Plant Research 2025, Vol.15, No.3, 119-128 http://hortherbpublisher.com/index.php/mpr 124 Enhanced root antioxidant capacity, such as higher SOD, CAT activities and non-enzymatic antioxidant levels, helps to increase the survival rate, growth rate and environmental stress resistance of seedlings. This further emphasizes the importance of optimizing the application scheme of growth regulators, to maximize root development and antioxidant defense simultaneously (Ye et al., 2017; Wu et al., 2024). 6 Case Studies 6.1 Combined effects of IBA and 6-BA on root development Anoectochilus roxburghii, as a precious traditional Chinese medicine and ornamental plant, is endangered in its wild due to excessive collection and habitat destruction. Therefore, it is of great significance to establish an efficient artificial breeding system. Zhang et al. (2025a) found that, under different hormone combinations, culture media and photopolymer conditions, the proliferation effects of tetraploid plants of A. roxburghii varied significantly. Among them, the ratio of 1 mg/L 6-BA to 0.05 mg/L NAA could significantly promote bud cluster differentiation. The average number of proliferating buds per explant reached 3.06, and the induction rate exceeded 82% (Figure 2). In terms of the culture medium, the B5 formula performed better than MS and its diluted medium, with both the number of bud clusters and the induction rate reaching the optimal level. The light quality test showed that red light was most conducive to bud proliferation, with an induction rate as high as 92%, and the plants grew vigorously. Figure 2 All figures from the micropropagation process. A. Shoot proliferation from stem segments, which were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L BA + 0.05 mg/L NAA under cool white light for 60 d. B. Shoot proliferation from terminal buds, which were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L BA + 0.05 mg/L NAA under cool white light for 60 d. C. Shoot proliferation from stem segments, which were cultured on 1/4 MS medium for 60 d. D. Shoot proliferation from terminal buds, which were cultured on 1/4 MS medium for 60 d. E. Shoot proliferation from stem segments, which were cultured on B5 medium for 60 d. F. Shoot proliferation from terminal buds, which were cultured on B5 medium for 60 d. G. Shoot proliferation from stem segments, which were cultured under R:B= 1:1 for 60 d. H. Shoot proliferation from terminal buds, which were cultured under R:B= 1:1 for 60 d. I. Shoot proliferation from stem segments, which were cultured under R for 60 d. J. Shoot proliferation from terminal buds, which were cultured under R for 60 d. K. Rooting in MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L IBA + 1.0 mg/L NAA under cool white light for 50 d. L. Well-rooted plants were transplanted into pots with 3:1 peat and vermiculite for 30 d (Adopted from Zhang et al., 2025a) During the rooting stage, studies have shown that, MS medium combined with 1.0 mg/L IBA and 1.0 mg/L NAA can effectively promote rooting, with an average of 2.62 roots per plant and a survival rate exceeding 90%. Further domestication experiments have shown that transplanting with a 3:1 mixed substrate of peat soil and vermiculite can achieve a survival rate of up to 80%, providing feasibility for large-scale production. It established
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