Medicinal Plant Research 2025, Vol.15, No.2, 71-79 http://hortherbpublisher.com/index.php/mpr 71 Research Perspective Open Access Research on Off-season Efficient Cultivation Technology of Leonurus japonicus Based on Environmental Control Yali Deng, Meifang Li Tropical Medicinal Plant Research Center, Hainan Institute of Tropical Agricultural Resources, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China Corresponding author: meifang.li@hitar.org Medicinal Plant Research, 2025, Vol.15, No.2 doi: 10.5376/mpr.2025.15.0008 Received: 05 Feb., 2025 Accepted: 15 Mar., 2025 Published: 02 Apr., 2025 Copyright © 2025 Deng and Li, This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Preferred citation for this article: Deng Y.L., and Li M.F., 2025, Research on off-season efficient cultivation technology of Leonurus japonicus based on environmental control, Medicinal Plant Research, 15(2): 71-79 (doi: 10.5376/mpr.2025.15.0008) Abstract Leonurus japonicus is a valuable medicinal plant that has been extensively used to invigorate blood flow and treat cardiovascular diseases. Climatic and seasonal conditions limit traditional growth, and it is difficult to deliver high-quality medicinal materials to satisfy market demand. As one of the key technological developments in modern agriculture, environmental control technology achieves best growing conditions for crops by precisely managing critical factors of growth such as temperature, humidity, light intensity, and carbon dioxide concentration, thus transcending the limitations of natural climate. It has been enormously successful in vertical farming and greenhouse farming, as it immensely enhanced output, quality, and resource use efficiency. In Leonurus japonicus off-season production, environmental control technology not only ensures year-round stable yield but also enhances active ingredient accumulation, thus medicament quality. In this research, the application of environmental control technology in Leonurus japonicus off-season cultivation was explored through its growth pattern and ecological requirement investigation, cultivation parameter optimization, and establishment of an efficient production model. The result of the study is to provide technical evidence for the modern cultivation of Chinese medicinal plants and act as a reference for the efficient cultivation of other medicinal plants, and push the sustainable development of the agricultural and pharmaceutical industries. Keywords Leonurus japonicus; Environmental control technology; Off-season cultivation; Efficient cultivation model 1 Introduction Leonurus japonicus or Chinese motherwort is a well-known medicinal plant with a rich history in traditional medicine in East Asia. The plant has multiple therapeutic uses in improving blood circulation, menstruation regulation, and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Leonurus japonicus is bioactive with compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, and volatile oils whose pharmacological activities have been demonstrated to encompass anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and cardioprotective activities (Sun et al., 2022). Despite being of medical significance, production of Leonurus japonicus is faced with the constraints of climatic and seasonal dependence, resulting in varying supply and quality. With the high demand for quality medicinal plants by pharmaceutical and health industries, an imperative to develop innovative production methods that can overcome such constraints emerges (Miao et al., 2019). Environmental control technology provides extremely precise management of critical growth parameters such as temperature, humidity, light intensity, and carbon dioxide level to ensure the best growing conditions despite natural climatic variation. The technology has been used widely in vertical farming and greenhouse with outstanding crop yield, resource efficiency, and quality (Zhang et al., 2022). In the case of Leonurus japonicus, environmental control technology can produce year-round high-quality raw materials for medicinal purposes (Wang et al., 2022). Controlled environments not only surmount the challenges of season restrictions but also allow active constituents to accumulate, addressing the pharmaceutical industry's need for standardization and consistency. These advantages bear witness to the excellence of this approach in meeting market demands and improving green agriculture production (Wang et al., 2023). This study investigated the application of environment control techniques to out-of-season production. Through its climatic characteristics and the maximization of planting parameters, this study aims to develop an efficient
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