Medicinal Plant Research 2025, Vol.15, No.2, 62-70 http://hortherbpublisher.com/index.php/mpr 63 quality seedlings production. It can be eliminated with the combined heat treatment and tissue culture technology to make their resistance and general health in Lindera aggregata seedlings stronger. It can be done to retain their medicinal properties and attain sustainable production. This study will explore the application of combined heat treatment and tissue culture detoxification technology for producing healthy Lindera aggregata seedlings. The study is intended to evaluate the efficacy of these procedures in pathogen elimination, seedling quality improvement, and upholding the medicinal material stability of the plant. The objective of this study is to develop an understanding of how to maximize cultivation practice on Lindera aggregata, thereby making it accessible in traditional medicine, as well as modern medicine. 2 Overview of Lindera aggregata Diseases and Current Detoxification Techniques 2.1 Common diseases of Lindera aggregata Lindera aggregata is susceptible to a variety of viral diseases that significantly affect its growth, yield, and active compound content such as essential oils, flavonoids, and alkaloids. Viral infection symptoms include stunted growth, chlorosis, and leaf and stem deformation, which ultimately reduce the value of the plant from a pharmacological and economic perspective. Potyviruses and tobamoviruses are prevalent viral pathogens infecting Lindera aggregata and thriving under nursery and cultivation conditions. The most significant modes of viral transmission are external infection and seedling transmission. Infected seedlings represent the largest source of viral spread under cultivation. External infection modes include mechanical transmission of viruses through contaminated tools and machinery and vector transmission through vector insects such as white flies and aphids. These infection modes make it difficult to maintain virus-free plants, especially in intensive planting systems (Rubio et al., 2020). Lindera aggregata is highly susceptible to viral diseases, which affect the growth, yield, and production of pharmacologically active compounds such as sesquiterpenoids and alkaloids. Viral disease in the crop is better defined by symptoms such as chlorosis, growth retardation, and biomass reduction, which lowers the medicinal as well as economic value of the crop. The viral diseases are transmitted by two primary modes: seedling transmission, where the virus-infected mother plants infect the progeny, and external infection via arthopod and whitefly vectors. Mechanical transmission occurs due to the utilization of unsterilized equipment that leads to increased disease transmission, especially under intensive propagation systems (Huang et al., 2023). 2.2 Limitations of traditional detoxification techniques Lindera aggregata is a bitter-tasting traditional Chinese medicinal herb, which is warm in nature and predominantly associated with the lung, spleen, kidney, and bladder meridians (Chen and Yu, 2024). Its richness in chemical constituents provides the rationale for its vast applications in medicine and public health. The distribution ratio of its major chemical constituents consists of 127 sesquiterpenoids, 37 alkaloids, 32 flavonoids, and 35 others (Figure 1). Traditional detoxification processes, such as chemical treatment, are seriously disadvantageous in Lindera aggregata detoxification. Chemical compounds applied to suppress viral infection would typically create adverse environmental impacts, such as soil contamination and residues of chemicals on the plant. Moreover, the process can alter the physiological state of the plant, reducing biosynthesis of active compounds associated with Lindera aggregata's medicinal activity (Lv et al., 2023). Single detoxification processes, such as heat treatment or tissue culture, also achieve limited success. Heat treatment effectively prevents some viruses but causes thermal stress in plant tissue, which will affect viability. Tissue culture, which allows for rapid growth of pathogen-free plants, does not offer protection against systemic infection or viruses at latent periods. This inefficacy has a tendency to render detoxification incomplete and necessitates the establishment of integrated approaches (Zhao et al., 2022). 2.3 Synergistic advantages of heat treatment and tissue culture Tissue culture combined with heat treatment synergistically detoxifies Lindera aggregata seedlings. Heat treatment involves the exposure of plant tissues to a controlled high temperature range (generally 35 °C-40 °C) for
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