Medicinal Plant Research 2025, Vol.15, No.2, 51-61 http://hortherbpublisher.com/index.php/mpr 58 Except for the regulatory factors, direct overexpression of enzyme genes in metabolic pathways has also achieved positive results. A research team introduced the cytochrome P450 gene cyp5150l8 into Saccharomyces cerevisiae for expression and successfully synthesized a ganoderic acid derivative with anti-tumor activity, 3-hydroxylanostere-8,24-diene-26-acid (HLDOA), with a yield of 14.5 mg/L (Wang et al., 2018). These results show that by overexpressing key enzymes or regulatory factors, not only can the triterpenoid production in G. lucidumbe increased, but it also has the potential to achieve industrial production in heterologous host systems. Figure 3 (A) The phenotypes of the GlbHLH5 overexpression and control lines of Ganoderma lucidumand the coloration differences between extracts of different lines. (B) The quantitative analysis of triterpenoids and the key genes transcriptions of the biosynthetic pathway in the GlbHLH5 overexpression and the control lines. "**" means the difference is extremely significant (P < 0.01) (Adopted from Xu et al., 2022a) Image caption: The figure shows the effect of GlbHLH5overexpression on the biosynthesis of triterpenoids and the expression of key genes in Ganoderma lucidum. (A) illustrates the phenotypic differences between GlbHLH5 overexpression lines and the wild-type, with the overexpression lines exhibiting a significant increase in triterpenoid content. (B) Quantitative analysis reveals that triterpenoid content in the GlbHLH5 overexpression lines increased by 21%~45%, along with a significant upregulation in the expression levels of key genes in the triterpenoid biosynthetic pathway, including HMGR, SQS, and LS. The results indicate that GlbHLH5 overexpression can significantly promote the accumulation of triterpenoids, confirming its positive regulatory role in triterpenoid biosynthesis (Adopted from Xu et al., 2022a) 7 Potential Applications and Commercial Impacts 7.1 Pharmaceutical applications of triterpenoid-enrichedG. lucidum The medicinal value of G. lucidumhas long been widely recognized, and its triterpenoids and polysaccharides are regarded as its core pharmacological substances. In particular, triterpenoids have shown unique and extensive
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