Medicinal Plant Research 2025, Vol.15, No.1, 1-11 http://hortherbpublisher.com/index.php/mpr 5 Figure 1 G. lucidumpolysaccharides produce immunomodulatory action through promoting antigen-presenting cells, mononuclear phagocyte system, humoral and cellular immunity (Adopted from Ahmad et al., 2021) Image Caption: The figure illustrates how Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (GLPs) produce immunomodulatory effects by promoting antigen-presenting cells, the mononuclear phagocyte system, humoral, and cellular immunity. The figure details the mechanism of GLPs in activating T cells and increasing cytokine production, such as IL-2 and TNF-α. The results indicate that GLPs can enhance the body's immune response through multiple immune pathways, showing significant potential, particularly in antiviral and anti-infection applications (Adapted from Ahmad et al., 2021) 5 Case Studies 5.1 Study on the inhibitory effects of G. lucidumpolysaccharides on colitis-associated cancer Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Its occurrence is associated with multiple factors, such as environmental, dietary, genetic, and epigenetic influences (Kendong et al., 2021). Gut microbiota dysbiosis is considered a key factor in inducing chronic inflammation and promoting CRC development. In recent years, research on the prevention of CRC through prebiotics and dietary fibers, which modulate gut microbiota, has been increasing. G. lucidum polysaccharides (GLPs), as a significant bioactive substance, have garnered attention for their immunoregulatory and anticancer properties (Chattopadhyay et al., 2021; Guo et al., 2021). Guo et al. (2021) explored the effects of GLPs on an AOM/DSS-induced mouse model of colitis and tumorigenesis. The study found that GLP increased the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), inhibited the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway, and reduced macrophage infiltration and the expression of inflammatory markers (Figure 2). Additionally, GLP showed the ability to suppress LPS-induced inflammatory markers in in vitro experiments. The results suggest that GLP can significantly reduce tumor size and number, improve inflammatory responses, and enhance intestinal barrier function by modulating gut microbiota, providing a new research direction for CRC prevention and treatment.
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