Medicinal Plant Research 2025, Vol.15, No.1, 20-31 http://hortherbpublisher.com/index.php/mpr 22 compounds, such as food bioactives in plant food, enhances the body's intrinsic antioxidant defense by inhibiting reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, preventing DNA damage and repair, and modulation of signal transduction pathways and gene expression (Nosrati et al., 2017). Moreover, the anti-inflammatory properties of functional foods are attested to by their ability to modulate different physiological processes. For example, bioactive compounds in functional foods can regulate pro-inflammatory processes involving nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and cytokine and chemokine-related processes. Modulating them ensures prevention and development of chronic diseases, including cancer and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) (Nosrati et al., 2017). The consumption of functional foods with antioxidants and anti-inflammatory compounds, i.e., cranberries, grapes, pomegranate, and green tea, was linked with reduced inflammation and improved metabolic health in a number of clinical trials (Figure 1) (Luvián-Morales et al., 2021). Figure 1 Graphical abstract of functional foods that modulate inflammation in chronic diseases (Adopted from Luvián-Morales et al., 2021) Image caption: In this review several foods were described for their ability to modulate cytokines and other inflammation-related molecules in individuals with overweight/obesity, type 2 diabetes, renal disease and metabolic syndrome (Adopted from Luvián-Morales et al., 2021)
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