Medicinal Plant Research 2024, Vol.14, No.6, 308-319 http://hortherbpublisher.com/index.php/mpr 309 licorice, indicating that the interactions among different formula components can alter the pharmacological effects of Radix Paeoniae Alba (Gan et al., 2012). Albiflorin has also demonstrated notable antidepressant-like effects, with mechanisms potentially related to enhanced expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus and the regulation of 5-HT/NE levels (Wang et al., 2016; Kong et al., 2018). Moreover, extracts of Radix Paeoniae Alba have been widely applied in the treatment of inflammation-related diseases such as nephropathy, liver diseases, and autoimmune disorders. Due to its mild effects and low side effects, it is an important component in traditional Chinese medicine. These studies provide a solid scientific basis for its extensive application in modern drug development. However, further optimization is needed in its cultivation, extraction, quality control, and clinical application. Currently, the cultivation of Paeonia lactiflora 'Hang Baishao' is widespread in regions with suitable climates. Due to its dual value as an ornamental and medicinal plant, it generates significant economic benefits. Optimizing cultivation conditions, such as shade treatment and pH adjustment, can enhance both its aesthetic and medicinal qualities. Shade treatment can influence flower color and blooming period, while the pH of irrigation water has a notable impact on plant growth and flower quality (Zhao et al., 2012; Zhao et al., 2013). With advancements in cultivation techniques, such as in vitro callus induction and plant regeneration technologies, large-scale production has become feasible, improving the quality of the plants (Shen et al., 2012; Song et al., 2023). Different combinations of culture media and plant growth regulators (e.g., KT, TDZ, IBA) significantly affect callus formation, proliferation, and bud differentiation (Song et al., 2023). Additionally, research on embryonic tissue culture has successfully achieved embryo rescue through organogenesis, providing technical support for hybrid breeding of high-quality varieties (Zhao et al., 2017). This study investigates the advancements in cultivation techniques for Paeonia lactiflora 'Hang Baishao' and assesses their effects on yield and quality. The study focuses on analyzing various agricultural practices, such as soil management and pest control, and their impact on the growth performance and quality of Paeonia lactiflora 'Hang Baishao', aiming to provide practical recommendations for growers to enhance both the quantity and quality of their yields. This study attends to establish a set of best practices for cultivators to enhance the ornamental and medicinal value of Paeonia lactiflora, thereby promoting its economic feasibility and sustainable development within the horticultural industry. 2 Biological Characteristics of Paeonia lactiflora 'Hang Baishao' 2.1 Morphological characteristics Herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora) 'Hang Baishao' has garnered widespread attention for its unique morphological characteristics. The plant has a well-developed root system, primarily consisting of thick fleshy roots that store nutrients and adapt to various soil types. Its above-ground parts consist of upright stems and pinnately compound leaves. The leaves are deep green, smooth, and exhibit elegant ornamental value. The flowers are large and colorful, with diverse petal shapes ranging from single to double layers, and colors spanning white, pink, and red, offering high ornamental appeal (Zhang et al., 2019a; Wang et al., 2022a). The fruit is a follicle, and the seeds are dark brown or reddish-brown, rich in oil content, serving as an important medium for plant reproduction (Figure 1). In addition to its aesthetic appeal, Paeonia lactiflora has been observed to have a high pollen viability rate of 55.60%, making it an excellent candidate for hybridization efforts aimed at developing new cultivars with enhanced traits (Zhang et al., 2019a). This high pollen viability is a critical factor in its use as a male parent in breeding programs, contributing to the creation of hybrids that can thrive in warmer climates. 2.2 Growth and development conditions The growth and development of P. lactiflora ‘Hang Baishao’ are influenced by multiple factors, including temperature, light, and soil conditions. The most suitable soil type is well-drained sandy loam or loam, with an optimal pH range of 6.5 to 7.5 (Zhang et al., 2019a). Enhancing the organic matter content in the soil significantly promotes root growth and development. P. lactiflora ‘Hang Baishao’ thrives in a cool and moist environment, requiring ample rainfall during the growing season, but excessive water accumulation can lead to root rot.
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