Medicinal Plant Research 2024, Vol.14, No.6, 334-344 http://hortherbpublisher.com/index.php/mpr 337 them adjust better (Susila et al., 2018). But too much moisture isn't always good. If the air stays too wet for too long, it can cause mold or fungal infections. That’s why it's important to keep humidity at the right level—not too high, not too low. Studies have shown that when humidity stays stable, the seedlings have a better chance of surviving. This kind of environment lowers stress and helps them settle in more smoothly during the early stages (Shao et al., 2014; Zhang et al., 2021). Temperature is also important. Sudden changes can make the plants wilt or stop growing. Using greenhouses or climate-controlled rooms helps keep the temperature steady. These spaces protect the seedlings and help them get used to the outside world more gently (Zhang et al., 2021). Of course, problems can still happen—like equipment breaking or weather changes—but overall, controlled environments are one of the best ways to support healthy growth and improve survival. 3.2 Light intensity and photoperiod adaptation The intensity of light and the duration of light exposure per day are important for the growth of golden thread vine seedlings. Reasonable setting of these two parameters can help improve the efficiency of photosynthesis and promote the healthy growth of plants. It has shown that the use of LED lights combine red light and blue light is particularly beneficial for golden thread vine seedlings. This composite lighting method can not only promote the synthesis of flavonoids, but also improve the growth of leaves and stems (Gam et al., 2020; Chen et al., 2021). In contrast, the effect of using red light or blue light alone is not ideal and cannot significantly improve the quality of plants. The time that seedlings receive light every day, that is, the "photoperiod", also affects their growth performance. Studies have found that an appropriate photoperiod helps plants grow vigorously and increases the accumulation of useful ingredients such as flavonoids and polysaccharides (Wang et al., 2022; Cao et al., 2024). However, if the light duration is too long or too short, it is easy to disrupt the physiological rhythm of the plant and weaken its growth potential. In a word, during the transplanting stage of tissue culture seedlings, special attention should be paid to the fine control of light intensity and light duration to help the seedlings better adapt to the new environment and promote their healthy growth. 3.3 Soil and substrate composition for optimal growth The soil type or substrate ratio selected during the transplanting process of A. roxburghii seedlings has a decisive impact on the survival rate and growth status of the plants. A suitable substrate can maintain the healthy state of roots, provide sufficient nutrition for plants, and maintain a suitable water environment. Research has shown that a 2:1 ratio of peat to river sand is an ideal cultivation substrate for young A. roxburghii seedlings. This ratio helps to improve the survival rate of seedlings and promote their more robust growth (Zhu, 2015; Shao et al., 2014). However, this ratio is not fixed, and other studies have also pointed out that adjusting the ratio appropriately according to local climate conditions or the type of seedlings selected can still achieve good results, so it has a certain degree of flexibility in practical applications. Adding natural materials such as humus or bark in moderation can also help further improve the matrix structure. These types of organic compounds not only enhance the nutrient absorption capacity of plants, promote root development, but also provide support during plant growth and continuously release beneficial substances (Lazcano Bello et al., 2021). Excessive use of organic materials may also have negative effects, especially leading to excessive substrate water holding capacity, affecting the normal respiration of roots and endangering plant health. Therefore, when selecting and configuring substrates, it is necessary to balance nutrient supply and water retention capacity, while ensuring good breathability and overall balance.
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