Medicinal Plant Research 2024, Vol.14, No.6, 320-333 http://hortherbpublisher.com/index.php/mpr 326 This technique has proven to be an effective method for improving G. lucidumstrains, leading to higher yield and quality of spore powder (Tang et al., 2023). Another study demonstrated that introducing the endogenous glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gpd) intron 1 into G. lucidum significantly enhances the expression of exogenous genes, thereby improving its molecular breeding capacity. This offers a new approach to regulating G. lucidummetabolism and increasing the yield of bioactive compounds (You et al., 2021). 5.2 Metabolic engineering for improved bioactive compound production Metabolic engineering involves the modification of metabolic pathways to increase the production of specific compounds. In Ganoderma lucidum, pathway modifications can be implemented to enhance the synthesis of triterpenoids, which are key bioactive compounds with significant medicinal properties. Optimizing culture conditions and genetic pathways can lead to higher yields of these valuable compounds (Hu et al., 2018). Polysaccharides are another group of important bioactive compounds produced by Ganoderma lucidum. Through metabolic engineering, it is possible to increase the production of these compounds by optimizing the carbon and nitrogen sources in the cultivation medium. This approach has shown significant improvements in both volumetric and specific yields of polysaccharides, making it a viable alternative to traditional cultivation methods (Alsaheb et al., 2020). 5.3 Bioreactor technology for Ganoderma lucidum Bioreactor technology offers several advantages for the cultivation of G. lucidum mycelia. Submerged fermentation in bioreactors allows for better control over the growth environment, leading to higher yields of bioactive compounds. For example, a study demonstrated that using a 16-L stirred tank bioreactor under controlled pH conditions significantly increased the production of exopolysaccharides (EPS) (Alsaheb et al., 2020). This method is more efficient than traditional solid-state fermentation, providing a scalable solution for industrial applications. Scaling up production using bioreactor technologies has shown promising results. The optimization of carbon and nitrogen sources in a bioreactor setup led to a substantial increase in both volumetric and specific yields of EPS (Alsaheb et al., 2020). Additionally, the use of agro-industrial by-products as feedstocks in bioreactors has been explored, demonstrating the potential for sustainable and cost-effective production of G. lucidum bioactive compounds (Kachrimanidou et al., 2023). This approach not only enhances productivity but also aligns with the principles of bioeconomy by utilizing waste materials. 6 Case Studies 6.1 Large-scale efficient breeding of the Ganoderma lucidumUV119 mutant strain The spore powder yield of G. lucidumis limited and prone to microbial contamination, significantly affecting the efficiency and stability of large-scale production. To increase spore powder yield and enhance resistance to microbial invasion, researchers employed ultraviolet mutagenesis technology to develop the G. lucidumUV119 mutant strain (Tang et al., 2023). This strain exhibits significantly higher spore yield and stronger resistance to microbial invasion. Compared to the original strain G0109, UV119's spore yield increased by 19.27%, fruiting body yield increased by 8.67%, and its antimicrobial ability surpassed that of the current main variety "Longzhi No.1" (Figure 2). The results indicate that ultraviolet mutagenesis is an efficient strain improvement method, helping to enhance the yield and quality of G. lucidumspore powder, providing strong technical support for the development of the G. lucidumindustry. The high-yield capability of the UV119 strain across multiple growth cycles demonstrates its efficiency in practical applications, with promising prospects for large-scale adoption.
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