Medicinal Plant Research 2024, Vol.14, No.5, 297-307 http://hortherbpublisher.com/index.php/mpr 303 Figure 2 Production of Ganoderma lucidumin coconut saw dust substrate supplemented with wheat bran: (a) Primordial initiation; (b) Fruiting body production and (c) Matured sporophores (Adopted from Thiribhuvanamala and Krishnamoorthy, 2021) One study evaluated the influence of different substrate formulations on the chemical composition of G. lucidum, focusing on changes in bioactive substance content. The findings showed significant differences in triterpenoids, phenolic compounds, and high-molecular-weight polysaccharides when grown on various substrates, such as sunflower seed hulls and rice residue, along with copper and olive oil supplementation (Bidegain et al., 2019). The results indicated that copper supplementation contributed to an increase in triterpenoids and phenolic compounds, while olive oil enhanced the content of water-soluble phenolic compounds (Table 1). Additionally, maturity and harvest time significantly affected the chemical composition, with differences observed in the components of G. lucidumbodies collected at successive harvests. Table 1 High molecular weight (hmwc), total triterpenoids, and ganoderic acids content in basidiomes of Ganoderma lucidum Cultivation Conditions Substrate Olive Oil Cu Flush HMWC (g/kg) Total Triterpenoids (g/kg) Ganoderic Acids (g/kg) SSH — — 1st 14.0±2.7ABC 37.8±3.6C 19.2±0.9BCD SSH — — 2nd 12.2 ± 1.5BCD 39.6±7.0C 20.4±1.1ABCD SSH × — 1st 11.7±1.6BCD 37.4±4.5C 20.7±1.6ABC SSH × — 2nd 11.2 ± 2.1CD 38.2±7.2C 22.4±2.2A SSH — × 1st 9.3±2.1D 42.3±3.0ABC 21.9±2.7A SSH — × 2nd 12.0 ± 2.7BCD 38.2±3.5C 22.3±2.7A SSH × × 1st 9.4±1.8D 48.6±4.5A 17.8±1.6DE SSH — — 1sta 9.3±0.5D 39.3±3.2C 13.5±0.5F RA — — 1st 16.3±4.5A 39.1±3.2C 16.3±1.2E RA × — 1st 15.6±4.2AB 37.4±4.8C 18.1±3.2CDE RA × — 2nd 15.0 ± 2.3ABC 41.7±3.4BC 21.2±1.8AB RA × × 1st 9.9±0.7D 47.6±5.2AB 15.5±1.7EF Note: aHarvested after complete maturation of the basidiome. Basidiomes were grouped by main lignocellulosic substrate (SSH: sunflower seed hulls or RA: rice agro—residues), whether olive oil and/or copper (Cu) was present in the cultivation substrate, and flush at which the basidiome was harvested (first or second). HMWC content is expressed as g glucose equivalent per kg of dry basidiomes. Total triterpenoid and ganoderic acid contents are expressed as grams ursolic acid equivalents per kilogram dry basidiomes. Mean values ± SD are presented. Values within a column bearing the same letter are not significantly different (P<0.05) according to Tukey’s test (Adopted from Bidegain et al., 2019)
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