Medicinal Plant Research 2024, Vol.14, No.5, 297-307 http://hortherbpublisher.com/index.php/mpr 298 the quality of G. lucidumis crucial for developing efficient and sustainable cultivation practices that can produce high-quality medicinal G. lucidum. This study systematically assesses the effects of different cultivation substrates on the yield and quality of G. lucidum, with an in-depth analysis of how various substrate combinations specifically influence productivity and the concentration of bioactive compounds. It intends to identify the optimal cultivation strategy for G. lucidum, focusing on enhancing yield while emphasizing the accumulation of its medicinal components to maximize therapeutic efficacy. This study will provide a scientific foundation for optimizing cultivation techniques to meet the market demand for high-quality medicinal G. lucidumand promote the sustainable development of cultivation practices. 2Ganoderma lucidumand Its Economic Significance 2.1 Biological characteristics of Ganoderma lucidum Ganoderma lucidumis a wood-degrading mushroom that thrives on various lignocellulosic substrates. It exhibits a distinctive morphology characterized by a shiny, reddish-brown cap and a kidney-shaped fruiting body. The growth of G. lucidumis highly dependent on the substrate composition, which can include materials such as rice agro-residues, sunflower seed hulls, and various hardwoods (Bidegain et al., 2019; Qiu et al., 2023). The optimal growth conditions involve a substrate rich in cellulose and lignin, with a low nitrogen content, which supports efficient mycelial development and fruiting body formation (Sudheer et al., 2018). G. lucidum is renowned for its bioactive compounds, including triterpenoids, ganoderic acids, polysaccharides, and phenolic compounds. The biosynthesis of these compounds is influenced by the substrate used for cultivation. For instance, substrates enriched with additives like olive oil and copper can enhance the production of ganoderic acids and other bioactive molecules (Bidegain et al., 2019). The presence of specific nutrients and minerals in the substrate, such as manganese sulfate, can also significantly impact the concentration of these compounds in the fruiting bodies (Kurd-Anjaraki et al., 2021). 2.2 Medicinal and economic value of Ganoderma lucidum G. lucidumhas been used in traditional medicine for centuries due to its wide range of therapeutic properties. It is known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects, which are attributed to its rich content of bioactive compounds like polysaccharides and triterpenoids (Sudheer et al., 2018; Kachrimanidou et al., 2023). These compounds have been shown to enhance immune function, reduce oxidative stress, and potentially inhibit the growth of cancer cells, making G. luciduma valuable medicinal resource. The economic significance of G. lucidumextends beyond its medicinal applications. It is a high-value crop in the global market, with substantial demand in countries like China, Japan, and Korea. The cultivation of G. lucidum using locally available agro-wastes not only reduces production costs but also adds value to agricultural by-products, promoting sustainable agricultural practices (Sudheer et al., 2018; Amiri-Sadeghan et al., 2022). The ability to cultivate G. lucidum on diverse substrates makes it an economically viable option for farmers and contributes to the global economy by providing a steady supply of this medicinal mushroom. 2.3 Current state of Ganoderma lucidumproduction G. lucidum is predominantly produced in East Asia, particularly in China, Japan, and Korea, where traditional cultivation practices have been refined over centuries. Modern cultivation techniques involve the use of various lignocellulosic substrates, including hardwood sawdust, wheat straw, and agro-industrial by-products like grape pomace and cheese whey (Atila, 2020; Kachrimanidou et al., 2023). These substrates are often supplemented with nutrients to enhance yield and bioactive compound production. The expansion of G. lucidum production faces several challenges, including the need for optimized substrate formulations and efficient cultivation techniques. The selection of suitable substrates that maximize yield and bioactive compound content is crucial. Research has shown that substrates with high cellulose and lignin content and low nitrogen levels are preferred for optimal growth (Atila, 2020). Additionally, the valorization of
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