Medicinal Plant Research 2024, Vol.14, No.5, 297-307 http://hortherbpublisher.com/index.php/mpr 297 Research Insight Open Access Effects of Cultivation Substrates on Yield and Quality of Ganoderma lucidum Weidong Zhu Zhejiang Shouxiangu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Jinhua, 321200, Zhejiang, China Corresponding email: 1427396212@qq.com Medicinal Plant Research, 2024, Vol.14, No.5 doi: 10.5376/mpr.2024.14.0025 Received: 05 Sep., 2024 Accepted: 12 Oct., 2024 Published: 30 Oct., 2024 Copyright © 2024 Zhu, This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Preferred citation for this article: Zhu W.D., 2024, Effects of cultivation substrates on yield and quality of Ganoderma lucidum, Medicinal Plant Research, 14(5): 297-307 (doi: 10.5376/mpr.2024.14.0025) Abstract Ganoderma lucidum, renowned for its rich polysaccharides and triterpenoid active compounds, possesses significant medicinal value, driving strong market demand. This study examines the effects of different cultivation substrates on the yield and quality of G. lucidum, aiming to identify substrates that can effectively enhance its yield and active compound content. The study evaluated various substrates, including sawdust, agricultural waste, and modified media, finding that specific lignocellulosic substrates, such as coconut sawdust, significantly increased the yield and biological efficiency of G. lucidum. Additionally, the incorporation of supplements like olive oil and copper was found to enhance the triterpenoid and phenolic compound content in G. lucidum. The findings indicate that optimizing substrate formulations and additives can improve the medicinal value and economic viability of G. lucidum production, providing a scientific basis for achieving efficient and sustainable cultivation. This study has significant practical implications for the development of the G. lucidumcultivation industry, suggesting future directions for further optimization of substrates and cultivation conditions to meet the market demand for high-qualityG. lucidum. Keywords Ganoderma lucidum; Cultivation substrate; Yield; Biological efficiency; Active compounds; Medicinal value 1 Introduction Ganoderma lucidum, commonly known as Lingzhi or Reishi, has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries and is regarded as a highly valuable medicinal fungus (Kiss et al., 2021). Its primary bioactive compounds, including polysaccharides, triterpenoids, and other secondary metabolites, have been shown to possess various therapeutic properties, such as immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer activities (Bidegain et al., 2019; Qiu et al., 2023). Due to these medicinal benefits, the global demand for G. lucidum has rapidly increased, with extensive use in dietary supplements, functional foods, and pharmaceutical ingredients. This growing demand places higher requirements on cultivation, necessitating advancements to ensure a consistent supply of high-quality G. lucidumwith potent pharmacological efficacy. In the cultivation of medicinal fungi, selecting an appropriate substrate plays a critical role in determining the growth rate, yield, and overall quality of fungal biomass. The substrate provides essential nutrients for fungal growth and directly influences the accumulation of bioactive compounds. A carefully chosen substrate can ensure optimal nutrient supply, promote vigorous growth, and support the development of key secondary metabolites. It was reported that using plant waste such as straw and corn husks as a substrate can significantly enhance the yield and nutritional content of certain medicinal fungi (Balasubramanian and Kannan, 2023). For G. lucidum, substrate selection is especially important, as a suitable substrate can not only enhance productivity but also increase the therapeutic efficacy of the final fruiting bodies of G. lucidum(Khoo et al., 2021). Different substrates provide varying levels of essential nutrients, such as carbon, nitrogen, and trace minerals, all of which affect the growth dynamics and biochemical composition of G. lucidum. Traditional substrates, including hardwood sawdust and agricultural by-products like wheat bran or rice hulls, are widely used (Atila, 2020; Fedorov et al., 2022). However, their suitability varies based on regional availability, cost, and the quality of the final product. Studies have explored the potential of novel substrates; for instance, adding 2% diaper core material to sawdust bio-waste achieved a biological efficiency of 36%, significantly higher than the 21% achieved with commercial substrates (Khoo et al., 2021). Understanding the relationship between substrate composition and
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