Medicinal Plant Research 2024, Vol.14, No.5, 259-274 http://hortherbpublisher.com/index.php/mpr 265 et al., 2020). By improving blood pressure regulation and exerting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, Sanghuangporus may contribute to the prevention of atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular conditions. 4 Application in the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Diseases 4.1 Cancer prevention and therapy Sanghuangporus has been traditionally used in East Asia as an adjuvant treatment for cancer due to its antitumor properties. Studies have demonstrated that Sanghuangporus extracts can induce apoptosis and inhibit the proliferation of various cancer cell lines. For example, the total ethanol extract of Sanghuangporus has been shown to induce apoptosis in gastric cancer cells (SGC-7901) through a mitochondria-dependent pathway (Wang et al., 2018). Similarly, Sanghuangporus polysaccharides have been found to induce mitochondrial apoptosis in hepatic carcinoma cells by enhancing reactive oxygen species-mediated AKT/p53 signaling pathways (Jin et al., 2023). Sanghuangporus extracts have been proposed as potential adjuncts to conventional cancer therapies. Their ability to induce apoptosis and enhance immune responses suggests that they could be used to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy and radiotherapy while potentially reducing side effects. A combined phytochemistry and network pharmacology approach revealed that Sanghuangporus contains active substances that may enhance the effects of conventional cancer treatments by inducing apoptosis through various pathways (Dong et al., 2019). 4.2 Diabetes management Sanghuangporus exhibits antidiabetic properties by improving insulin sensitivity and glucose regulation. A polyphenol-rich extract fromSanghuangporus was shown to stimulate GLUT4 translocation and increase glucose uptake in vitro. This extract also lowered fasting blood glucose levels in KK-Ay mice, indicating its potential for managing type 2 diabetes (Figure 6). Mechanistic studies revealed that Sanghuangporus enhances the expression of p-AMPKα and GLUT4, suggesting that its antidiabetic effects are partly due to the activation of the AMPK pathway (Zheng et al., 2018). Figure 6 Anti-diabetic effects of Phellinus igniarius Polyphenol-Rich Extract (PI-PRE) in diabetic KK-Ay mice model (Adapted from Zheng et al., 2018) Image caption: (A) Shows the effect of PI-PRE on reducing body weight in KK-Ay diabetic mice; (B) Illustrates the impact of PI-PRE on food intake, indicating no significant difference between the PI-PRE treated group and the control group; (C) Demonstrates the effectiveness of PI-PRE in lowering fasting blood glucose levels; (D) Depicts the results of the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), where both the PI-PRE and metformin-treated groups showed significant improvements in glucose levels during the test; These findings suggest that PI-PRE effectively alleviates diabetic symptoms, including reducing blood glucose levels and body weight, while improving glucose tolerance (Adapted from Zheng et al., 2018)
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