Medicinal Plant Research 2024, Vol.14, No.5, 245-258 http://hortherbpublisher.com/index.php/mpr 251 upregulating IL-10 and inhibited key pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNFα and IL-1β (Figure 7). Additionally, the extract showed potential in preventing bone destruction by downregulating RANKL mRNA and upregulating OPG mRNA (Figure 8) (Wang et al., 2016). These results support the traditional use of E. ulmoides in treating RA and highlight its potential as a natural therapeutic agent for arthritis. Figure 6 EU70 alleviates the symptoms of RAin vivo and improves the pathological state of inflammation. A. Equal numbers of male and female rats were used to develop the CIA model with a first and booster immunization. After the first subcutaneous injection of the CII/CFA emulsion (5 mg/mL) in the tail and right hind paw, the rats’ body weights, right hind paw volume, and arthritis indexes were recorded on different study days. B. Pathological sections of hind limb joints from normal (healthy), arthritic and drug-treated CIA rats (×40 magnification) were analysed by H&E staining. C. Inflammatory infiltration was assessed by scoring the H&E sections. #: P<0.05 compared with the CIA group (Adopted from Wang et al., 2016)
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