Medicinal Plant Research 2024, Vol.14, No.4, 180-195 http://hortherbpublisher.com/index.php/mpr 185 E. ulmoides also contributes to metabolic health by regulating lipid metabolism. The extracts fromE. ulmoides have been found to improve lipid profiles by reducing serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels. This effect is partly due to the enhancement of lipid metabolism enzymes and the modulation of gut microbiota, which collectively help in maintaining healthy lipid levels (Wang et al., 2019a; Zhao et al., 2022). Figure 1 The role of EUP in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (Adopted from Gao et al., 2020) Image caption: The figure indicates that EUP reduces ROS production, inhibits HMGB1 release and the activation of its downstream TLR-4-NF-κB signaling pathway, thereby alleviating inflammation and oxidative stress caused by ischemia-reperfusion, ultimately reducing hepatocyte damage and liver necrosis. This result confirms the significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of EUP, supporting its potential application in preventing and treating hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (Adapted from Gao et al., 2020) 4.3 Neuroprotective and anticancer activities E. ulmoides exhibits neuroprotective properties that are beneficial in the context of neurodegenerative diseases. The iridoid glycosides, particularly aucubin, have been shown to protect neuronal cells by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation. These compounds reduce NO production and enhance the expression of antioxidant genes, thereby protecting against neurodegenerative conditions such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases (Huang et al., 2021; Tang et al., 2021). The anticancer potential of E. ulmoides is attributed to its ability to modulate various cellular pathways involved in cancer progression. The extracts from E. ulmoides have been shown to inhibit cancer cell proliferation and induce apoptosis through mechanisms involving the regulation of the NEI network and inflammatory pathways (Zhao et al., 2022). Additionally, the phytosterols and iridoids present in E. ulmoides seeds have demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities, suggesting their potential use in cancer prevention and therapy (Tang et al., 2021). By understanding these pharmacological activities, researchers can further explore the therapeutic potential of E. ulmoides in various diseases, providing reference for new clinical applications and drug development.
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