Medicinal Plant Research 2024, Vol.14, No.4, 234-244 http://hortherbpublisher.com/index.php/mpr 240 different cultivation modes. Yuan et al. (2022) focused on the effects of ecological factors on the main medicinal components of D. officinale across different cultivation modes. The study selected greenhouse, bionic, and wild cultivation modes to analyze the contents of polysaccharides, total alkaloids, and total flavonoids. Results showed that the highest levels of medicinal components were found in the wild cultivation mode, while the greenhouse mode had the lowest (Figure 4). These differences correlate with ecological factors in each mode, where humidity, temperature, light exposure, and soil nutrients significantly affect the accumulation of medicinal components. Multivariate statistical analysis indicated that high humidity, lower temperature, and moderate light in the wild mode are most conducive to the accumulation of active ingredients, with total soil nitrogen, phosphorus, and pH especially impacting flavonoids. Correlation analysis under different cultivation modes further revealed the influence of specific ecological factors on component accumulation. For instance, ammonium nitrogen showed a significant negative correlation with polysaccharides and alkaloids in the greenhouse mode, while soil pH in the wild mode was positively correlated with polysaccharides and alkaloids. These findings suggest that the bionic cultivation mode, which preserves the characteristics of the wild environment, can effectively enhance medicinal component levels, providing a scientific basis for optimizing cultivation conditions. Figure 4 Main medicinal components variation in different cultivation modes. (A) Polysaccharide content variation in different cultivation modes. (B) Total alkaloid content variation in different cultivation modes. (C) Total flavonoid content variation in different cultivation modes (Adopted from Yuan et al., 2022) Image caption: The figure shows the variation in the main medicinal components (polysaccharides, alkaloids, and flavonoids) of D. officinale under three cultivation modes: greenhouse, bionic, and wild. (A) illustrates that polysaccharide content is highest in the wild mode and lowest in the greenhouse mode; (B) displays a similar trend for alkaloid content; (C) indicates that flavonoid content is significantly higher in the wild cultivation mode compared to other modes. The results suggest that natural ecological conditions are more favorable for the accumulation of medicinal value inD. officinale (Adapted from Yuan et al., 2022) 6.2 Optimizing cultivation substrates to enhance active compounds inD. officinale Studies have shown that different cultivation environments, such as substrate, light, and temperature, significantly affect the quality and active compound content of D. officinale. Among these, cultivation substrates are considered key factors influencing the types and concentrations of its metabolites (Zuo et al., 2020; Jia et al., 2022; Yuan et al., 2022). Therefore, an in-depth analysis of the metabolic characteristics of D. officinale under various substrate conditions can provide a theoretical basis for selecting the optimal substrate to enhance the accumulation of its active compounds and improve product quality. Using a widely targeted metabolomics approach, Zuo et al. (2020) applied UPLC-MS/MS to analyze the metabolites of D. officinale cultivated in different substrates—pine bark, coconut coir, and a 1:1 mixture of the two. Results indicated that D. officinale grown in pine bark substrate exhibited the highest flavonoid content, with a more significant accumulation of active compounds compared to other substrates. Multivariate statistical analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis further demonstrated that different substrates notably affect the biosynthesis pathways of flavonoids, lipids, and other metabolites. Notably, flavonoid accumulation showed a marked increase in the pine bark substrate, suggesting that pine bark may be the optimal choice for enhancing the active compounds of D. officinale.
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