Medicinal Plant Research 2024, Vol.14, No.4, 180-195 http://hortherbpublisher.com/index.php/mpr 181 lignans, iridoids, flavonoids, phenols, steroids, and terpenes (Wang et al., 2019a). These compounds contribute to the plant's diverse therapeutic effects, making it a valuable resource in both traditional and modern medicine. This study provides a comprehensive review of the ethnobotanical uses and phytochemical properties of Eucommia ulmoides, combining historical knowledge with modern scientific research. It examines the traditional uses of Eucommia ulmoides and highlights the latest advances in phytochemistry, elucidating the therapeutic potential of the plant and its relevance in modern medicine. The study intends to identify gaps in current research and propose future research directions, particularly in areas such as the isolation of bioactive compounds, pharmacological mechanisms, and clinical applications. This study is expected to deepen the understanding of Eucommia ulmoides and its role in both traditional and modern medical systems, reinforcing its status as a medicinal plant of significant cultural and therapeutic value. 2 Traditional Ethnobotanical Uses of Eucommia ulmoides 2.1 Medicinal applications in traditional Chinese medicine Eucommia eucommia is a kind of woody plant with high economic and medicinal value, which was listed as top quality medicine in Shen Nong’s Herbal Classics. As a cornerstone of TCM, various parts of Eucommia eucommia, including the leaf, stem, bark and staminate flower, have been utilized to treat a wide array of ailments for nearly two thousand years. The earliest medical record about the bark of Eucommia ulmoides was found in the Zhi Bai Bing Fang in the Han Dynasty, which was about the treatment of internal injuries caused by consumptive diseases. The medicinal functions of Eucommia eucommia leaves, flowers, fruits and stems were similar to that of barks, which expounded in another pharmaceutical book named Ben Cao Tu Jing in the Song Dynasty (Wang et al., 2019b). Because of the Eucommia eucommia’s warm medicine nourishes the body, it can enter the liver meridian to tonify the kidneys and prevent miscarriage, was recorded in Ben Cao Gang Mu (Bao et al., 2024). China is a multi-ethnic country, in which people of all ethnic groups have accumulated a wealth of medical theories and drug experiences. Regarding the medicinal use of Eucommia eucommia by some ethnic minority groups in China, Jia and Li (2005) have summarized in the Zhong Guo Min Zu Yao Zhi Yao (Table 1). Table 1 The traditional medicine application of E. ulmoides recorded by ethnic minority groups in China Ethnic minorities Ethnic medicine names Medicinal part Medicinal value Medicinal record Yi / Stem/bark Kidney vacuity, lumbar pain, inability of the extremities, rheumatism bone pain, ache all over, fetal irritability, sexual dysfunction Ai Lao Shui Bimei Duzhong Stem/bark Hypotension, nephritis edema Shui Yi Yao Lisu Sigongzi Bark Low back pain, rheumatism, dizziness, hypotension, restless fetus, falls Nu Jiang Yao Maonan Meiduzhong Bark Kidney vacuity, lumbar pain Gui Yao Bian Miao Ndui zhoux sod, Det dent, Det uab udfab Stem/bark Lumbar pain, fetal irritability MiaoYi Yao Bark Kidney vacuity, lumbar pain, waist-leg weakness, fetal irritability, threatened abortion, hypertension Xiang Lan Kao Det dent Stem/bark Lumbar pain, fetal irritability MiaoYao Ji Keliu Bark External treatment of knife wounds Gui Yao Biao Hani Qida Stem/bark, leaves Fracture DianYaoLu Bark The Formula is used for the wound cure Dian Sheng Zhi De'ang / Bark Knife wound, waist and knee pain, fetal irritability, hypertension Dian Sheng Zhi Jingpo Sikjicq / Hypertension, giddy and dazzled, kidney deficiency and frequent micturition, fetal irritability De Hong Yao Lu Dai Yaregao, Dedai Bark The formula is used for the wound cure Dian Sheng Zhi Dong Meix sabt enl, Sangp meix sabt enl Bark Spermatorrhea DongYi Xue Tibetan Dabusang Bark Stomach heat, eye disease, bone fracture, catagma, sore and ulcer Zang Ben Cao Va Luokaoyangyi Bark Chronic kidney disease, hypertension Wa Zu Shi Liao ( Ⅲ) Note: /: No related information
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