Medicinal Plant Research 2024, Vol.14, No.4, 196-209 http://hortherbpublisher.com/index.php/mpr 199 Figure 1 SG3 suppressed oxidative stress via modulating Nrf2, CYP2E1, SOD1, and SOD2 in diabetic db/db mice and HepG2 cells treated with high glucose in combination with OA (Adopted from Chen et al., 2021) Image caption: Figures A and C show that SG3 treatment significantly increased the expression of nuclear factor Nrf2, superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), while reducing the expression of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1). The quantitative analysis in Figures B and D further validated these changes in protein expression. These results indicate that SG3 exerts its antioxidant effects by modulating key proteins such as Nrf2 and CYP2E1, providing effective protection in diabetes-related non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and supporting its potential application in antioxidant therapy (Adapted from Chen et al., 2021) Clinical studies on the anti-inflammatory effects of loquat bioactive compounds are limited, but preclinical studies provide promising results. In CS-induced COPD mouse models, TAs and TF from loquat leaves significantly reduced lung inflammation and histological changes (Jian et al., 2020a; 2020b). These findings suggest potential therapeutic applications of loquat bioactive compounds in treating inflammatory diseases such as COPD and other chronic inflammatory conditions. 3.3 Anticancer properties Loquat leaves contain bioactive compounds with potential anticancer properties, including pentacyclic triterpenes and flavonoids. These compounds exert their anticancer effects by inducing apoptosis, inhibiting cell proliferation, and modulating signaling pathways involved in cancer progression. For example, pentacyclic triterpenes such as oleanolic acid (OA) inhibit the differentiation of T helper 17 (Th17) cells and reduce the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which are implicated in cancer development (Zhou et al., 2019). Additionally, flavonoids from loquat leaves have been shown to inhibit oxidative stress and inflammation, which are key factors in cancer progression (Jian et al., 2020a). Preclinical studies have demonstrated the anticancer potential of loquat bioactive compounds. For instance, OA from loquat leaves significantly reduced serum anti-dsDNA antibody levels and alleviated renal pathological damage in lupus nephritis (LN) mouse models, indicating its potential application in cancer therapy (Zhou et al., 2019). Although clinical studies are still needed, these preclinical findings suggest that loquat bioactive compounds could be promising candidates for anticancer therapies.
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