Medicinal Plant Research 2024, Vol.14, No.4, 180-195 http://hortherbpublisher.com/index.php/mpr 189 Figure 4 Effect of EUMF on apoptosis in the brains of the AlCl3-modeled zebrafish (Adopted from Sun et al., 2022) Image caption: Figure A shows the location of apoptotic cells in the zebrafish brain through TUNEL staining, while Figure B quantifies the number of apoptotic cells in each treatment group. The results indicate that AlCl3 treatment significantly increased the number of apoptotic cells in the zebrafish brain, whereas EUMF treatment significantly reduced these numbers. This figure reveals the protective effect of EUMF against AlCl3-induced apoptosis, further validating its potential as an anti-Alzheimer's disease agent (Adapted from Sun et al., 2022) The study suggests that E. ulmoides male flower extracts have a significant ameliorating effect on Alzheimer’s disease-like pathology, with mechanisms potentially involving the inhibition of excessive autophagy and the regulation of acetylcholinesterase and dopamine transporter gene expression. The flavonoids in EUMF are likely the key compounds responsible for its therapeutic effects. E. ulmoides male flower extracts show promise as a potential therapeutic agent for Alzheimer’s disease, acting through multiple pathological pathways and offering new perspectives and directions for the comprehensive treatment of AD. 6.3 Clinical trials involving E. ulmoides extracts Clinical trials have further substantiated the therapeutic potential of E. ulmoides extracts. In one study, the administration of E. ulmoides leaf extract to ox-LDL-treated human endothelial cells resulted in a significant recovery of nitric oxide levels and a reduction in oxidative stress, suggesting its potential in preventing vascular endothelial dysfunction (Lee et al., 2018). Another clinical investigation demonstrated that E. ulmoides extract could lower blood pressure in hypertensive patients by improving renal hemodynamics and reducing oxidative stress (Ishimitsu et al., 2021). These findings are consistent with traditional uses and provide a scientific basis for the continued use of E. ulmoides in cardiovascular treatments. E. ulmoides has shown significant promise in cardiovascular treatments, particularly in reducing blood pressure and improving vascular health. Its traditional uses are supported by modern research, which has elucidated the mechanisms behind its antihypertensive effects and highlighted its potential in clinical applications (Ishimitsu et al., 2021; Yan et al., 2022).
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