Medicinal Plant Research 2024, Vol.14, No.3, 137-150 http://hortherbpublisher.com/index.php/mpr 141 Figure 1 The curative effect of AVO on UC mice (Adopted from Cheng et al., 2023) Image caption: (A) The method of animal grouping and treatment; (B) The change of body weight of each group after DSS challenge and AVO treatment; (C) The rectal bleeding score of each group after DSS challenge and AVO treatment; (D) The fecal viscosity score of each group after DSS challenge and AVO treatment. (E) The colon length of each group after DSS challenge and AVO treatment; *P≤0.05, **P≤0.01, ***P≤ 0.001, and ns means P> 0.05 (Adopted from Cheng et al., 2023) 5 Pharmacological Activities 5.1 Anti-inflammatory effects Atractylodes macrocephala exhibits significant anti-inflammatory properties, which have been demonstrated through various studies. The essential oils and specific compounds such as atractylenolides fromA. macrocephala have shown to inhibit the production of inflammatory mediators like nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages (Jeong et al., 2019; Bailly, 2020; Wu et al., 2020). Jeong et al. (2019) extracted and identified three compounds from Atractylodes macrocephala: 2-[(2E)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl]-6-methyl-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione (compound 1), 1-acetoxy-tetradec-6E,12E-dien-8,10-diyne-3-ol (compound 2), and 1,3-diacetoxy-tetradec-6E,12E-dien-8,10-diyne (compound 3). These compounds exhibited concentration-dependent inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Using Western blot and RT-PCR analyses, compounds 1-3 were shown to inhibit the protein and mRNA levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) (Figure 2). Additionally, these compounds suppressed the transcriptional activity of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and its nuclear translocation in LPS-activated cells. The study results indicate that these compounds have potential anti-inflammatory effects and may be promising candidates for treating inflammatory diseases.
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