Medicinal Plant Research 2024, Vol.14, No.3, 126-136 http://hortherbpublisher.com/index.php/mpr 132 differentiation and bone resorption ability in managing bone metastasis and other cancer-related bonedisorders (Jang et al., 2020). 6 Modern Clinical Applications and Research 6.1 Integration into modern therapeutics Chrysanthemum is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine that contains various bioactive ingredients and has the potential to treat various diseases. It has been widely integrated into modern therapeutic science. Chrysanthemum is rich in flavonoids, volatile oils, and other phytometabolites, which contribute to its wide range of health benefits, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects (Sun et al., 2010; Hao et al., 2022; Ojha et al., 2023). Modern research has demonstrated that Chrysanthemum morifolium can be used to treat various conditions such as hypertension, depression, and neurodegenerative diseases, making it a valuable addition to contemporary medical practices (Kim et al., 2009; Wang et al., 2022). 6.2 Recent clinical studies and findings Recent clinical studies have highlighted the efficacy of Chrysanthemum morifolium in various therapeutic applications. Chrysanthemum combined with goji berries has significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, suggesting potential benefits in managing oxidative stress and inflammation-relatedconditions (Zhang et al., 2019). Another study demonstrated the anti-depressive effects of Chrysanthemum morifolium, naringenin, and apigenin, which were found to have ameliorate depression-like behavior through modulation of metabolic pathways (Liu et al., 2020). Additionally, research on the neuroprotective properties of Chrysanthemum morifolium extract showed its potential in protecting neuronal cells against Parkinsonian toxins, indicating its potential application in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. 6.3 Challenges and limitations in clinical application Despite the promising therapeutic potential of Chrysanthemum morifolium, several challenges and limitations hinder its widespread clinical application. One major concern is the variability in the chemical composition of different Chrysanthemum morifolium cultivars, which can affect the consistency and efficacy of its therapeutic effects (Chen et al., 2020). Moreover, there is a need for more rigorous clinical trials to establish standardized dosages and formulations. Safety concerns also arise from the potential for adverse interactions with other medications and the lack of comprehensive toxicity studies (Ojha et al., 2023). Addressing these challenges requires a multidisciplinary approach, integrating traditional knowledge with modern scientific methodologies. 6.4 Future directions for research Future research on Chrysanthemum morifolium should focus on several key areas to enhance its clinical application. Conduct comprehensive research on different chrysanthemum varieties to determine their chemical composition and therapeutic effects. The use of advanced technologies such as metabolomics and network pharmacology has the potential to identify therapeutic effects of potential biomarkers and elucidate mechanisms of action (Wang et al., 2022). More extensive clinical trials are necessary to determine optimal dosages, formulations, and safety profiles. Strengthen collaborative efforts between traditional medicine practitioners and modern scientists can facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies, ensuring the safe and effective integration of Chrysanthemum morifoliuminto modern healthcare. 7 Mechanisms of Action 7.1 Molecular pathways involved Chrysanthemum (CM) active ingredients have multiple metabolic pathways and exhibit various therapeutic effects. One important pathway is the AMPK/SIRT1 pathway, and studies have shown that chrysanthemum extract can activate the AMPK and SIRT1 pathways, thereby increasing mitochondrial biosynthesis and function in muscle tissue, and reducing inflammation and fat generation in obese rats, indicating that chrysanthemum extract has a positive effect in regulating energy metabolism and inflammation (Zhang et al., 2019). Chrysanthemum extract can regulate the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and play a role in protecting cardiovascular function by inhibiting the expression of adhesion molecules such as ICAM-1 and E-selectin in endothelial cells (Kim et al., 2009).
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