Medicinal Plant Research 2024, Vol.14, No.2, 117-125 http://hortherbpublisher.com/index.php/mpr 123 pathways and molecular targets involved in this neuroprotection are not fully understood (Subramanian et al., 2023). Furthermore, the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of the active compounds in Marsilea quadrifolia have not been extensively studied, which is crucial for developing effective therapeutic applications (Zhang et al., 2016; Agarwal et al., 2018). 8.2 Emerging research trends Recent studies have begun to explore the neuroprotective effects of Marsilea quadrifolia, particularly its potential to mitigate excitotoxicity induced by monosodium glutamate (Subramanian et al., 2023). This line of research is promising and suggests that Marsilea quadrifolia could be developed into a therapeutic agent for neurological disorders. Additionally, there is a growing interest in the plant's polyphenolic compounds, such as quercetin, which have shown significant antioxidant activities both in vitro and in vivo (Zhang et al., 2016). The use of advanced analytical techniques like HPTLC and HPLC for the standardization and quality control of Marsilea quadrifolia extracts is also an emerging trend, ensuring the consistency and efficacy of its medicinal preparations (Bhanukiran et al., 2022). 8.3 Recommendations for future studies Future research should focus on elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying the antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of Marsilea quadrifolia. Detailed studies on the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of its active compounds are essential to understand how these compounds are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted in the body (Zhang et al., 2016; Agarwal et al., 2018). Additionally, clinical trials are necessary to validate the therapeutic potential of Marsilea quadrifolia in humans, particularly for the treatment of neurological disorders (Subramanian et al., 2023). Researchers should also explore the synergistic effects of the various bioactive compounds present in the plant to develop more effective multi-target therapies. Finally, standardization of extraction methods and quality control measures should be prioritized to ensure the safety and efficacy of Marsilea quadrifolia-based products (Rai, 2009; Bhanukiran et al., 2022). 9 Concluding Remarks Marsilea quadrifolia, an aquatic medicinal plant, has been extensively studied for its nutritional and medicinal properties. The plant is rich in carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, flavonoids, saponins, and fats, with carbohydrates being the most abundant. Additionally, M. quadrifolia contains a variety of polyphenols, including new compounds such as kaempferol derivatives and quercetin, which exhibit strong antioxidant activities both in vitro and in vivo. The neuroprotective potential of M. quadrifolia has also been demonstrated, particularly against monosodium glutamate-induced excitotoxicity in rats, suggesting its efficacy in improving locomotor activity, memory, and learning, likely due to its NMDA antagonistic properties. The high nutritional content of M. quadrifolia, particularly its rich carbohydrate and protein profile, makes it a valuable dietary supplement. Its significant antioxidant properties, attributed to polyphenols like quercetin, suggest that M. quadrifolia can be developed into functional foods or nutraceuticals aimed at reducing oxidative stress and related conditions. The neuroprotective effects observed in animal models indicate potential therapeutic applications in the management of neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and other forms of neurodegeneration. These findings underscore the plant's dual role in both nutrition and medicine, offering a natural alternative for health maintenance and disease prevention. In conclusion, Marsilea quadrifolia stands out as a plant of significant nutritional and medicinal value. Its rich composition of essential nutrients and bioactive compounds provides a strong foundation for its use in health-promoting applications. The antioxidant and neuroprotective properties further enhance its potential as a therapeutic agent. Future research should focus on clinical trials to validate these findings in humans and explore the underlying mechanisms of its bioactive compounds. The integration of M. quadrifolia into dietary and medicinal practices could offer a natural and effective approach to improving overall health and managing various diseases.
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