Medicinal Plant Research 2024, Vol.14, No.2, 71-84 http://hortherbpublisher.com/index.php/mpr 80 7.2 Prospects for developing new medicinal varieties The results obtained from genomics research can accelerate the breeding of new Chrysanthemum morifolium varieties. Marker-assisted selection (MAS) can be used to expedite targeted breeding. By identifying functional molecular markers associated with high concentrations of bioactive compounds, breeders can develop new varieties with enhanced medicinal efficacy (Fan et al., 2020). CRISPR/Cas9 and other gene engineering technologies provide another avenue for creating novel varieties. These tools enable precise modifications of the plant genome through transgenic techniques, thereby enhancing the content or expression of specific traits. For example, by editing genes involved in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway, researchers can develop varieties with enhanced medicinal efficacy (Kishi-Kaboshi et al., 2017). Furthermore, metabolic engineering can be employed to optimize the production of specific bioactive compounds. By manipulating the plant's metabolic pathways, it is possible to increase the yield of desired therapeutic agents, making Chrysanthemum morifoliuman even more potent medicinal resource (Zou et al., 2021). 7.3 Challenges and opportunities in translating genomic research into practical applications While significant progress has been made in the genomic research of Chrysanthemum morifolium, it has not yet been applied to production. As a hexaploid plant with a complex genetic background, genetic improvement of Chrysanthemum morifolium is challenging (Fan et al., 2020). The construction of genetic maps has developed QTLs for key traits such as inflorescence and leaf characteristics, providing promising opportunities for breeding programs (Fan et al., 2020). Chloroplast whole-genome analysis offers valuable resources for studying the phylogeny and evolutionary patterns of Chrysanthemum morifolium(Xia et al., 2021a; Xia et al., 2021b). Specific genes, such as CmTCP20, can regulate flowering time, thereby enhancing the ornamental value and economic benefits of Chrysanthemum morifolium. By comprehensively utilizing genomic research findings and through the collaborative efforts of researchers, the rapid application of genomic research results to practical production can be achieved (Wang et al., 2019). 8 Concluding Remarks The genome of Chrysanthemum morifoliumhas been extensively studied, leading to significant breakthroughs in understanding its genetic makeup, adaptive evolution, and medicinal value. High-throughput sequencing technologies have identified key genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis, which are crucial for enhancing the plant's medicinal activity. The generation of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) has provided potential targets for genetic manipulation to enhance medicinal properties. The de novo whole-genome assembly of Chrysanthemum seticuspe, a model species, has further expanded our knowledge of the genetic and gene discovery processes in cultivated chrysanthemums. Functional molecular markers accelerate the process of targeted breeding. Whole-genome and comparative genomic studies have elucidated the cultivation and evolutionary history of Chrysanthemum morifolium. Genetic linkage maps have identified QTL loci for inflorescence and leaf traits, promoting marker-assisted selection in breeding programs. The genomic data obtained from various studies provide a solid foundation for future research aimed at improving the ornamental and medicinal qualities of Chrysanthemum morifolium. Future research should focus on leveraging the genetic resources and molecular insights gained from these studies to develop new chrysanthemum cultivars with improved nutritional and medicinal qualities. The integration of genomic data with traditional breeding techniques can accelerate the development of varieties with strong disease resistance, broad adaptability, and high medicinal efficacy, thereby increasing their commercial and medicinal value. The continued exploration of the genetic and molecular bases of Chrysanthemum morifoliumwill not only contribute to the plant's ornamental and medicinal applications but also provide valuable insights into the evolutionary processes that shape plant diversity. Acknowledgments The HortHerb Publisher appreciate the two anonymous peer reviewers for their critical assessment and constructive suggestions on our manuscript.
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