Medicinal Plant Research 2024, Vol.14, No.1, 57-70 http://hortherbpublisher.com/index.php/mpr 66 Future research should focus on well-designed clinical trials to establish standardized dosages and treatment protocols. Lastly, the potential side effects and long-term safety of Achyranthes bidentata need thorough investigation to ensure its safe application in clinical settings (Zhang et al., 2018). By addressing these research gaps and leveraging advances in drug delivery systems, Achyranthes bidentata could become a cornerstone in the treatment of bone and joint disorders, offering new hope for patients suffering from these debilitating conditions. 8 Concluding Remarks Achyranthes bidentata has demonstrated significant potential in the treatment of bone and joint disorders, particularly osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. Various studies have highlighted the efficacy of different extracts and polysaccharides derived from Achyranthes bidentata in promoting bone health and preventing bone loss. For instance, Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide (ABPB) and its purified form ABPB-3 have shown to significantly increase bone mineral density and stimulate bone formation in both ovariectomized (OVX) rats and zebrafish models of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP). Similarly, Achyranthes bidentata root extract (ABRE) has been found to prevent bone loss and improve bone biomechanical quality in OVX rats without causing hyperplastic effects on the uterus. Additionally, a novel fructan, ABW50-1, has been identified to inhibit osteoporosis by stimulating bone formation. The osteoprotective effects of Achyranthes bidentata are further supported by studies on its various fractions and polysaccharides. The n-BuOH fraction of Achyranthes bidentata root extract has shown significant prevention of bone mineral density loss in OVX rats without estrogen-like side effects. Another polysaccharide, ABPB-4, has been found to promote osteogenic activity in vitro, enhancing the proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization of osteoblasts. Moreover, AB70 and its purified form ABW70-1 have demonstrated therapeutic effects on bone mass and microarchitecture in OVX rats, along with promoting osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts. In the context of osteoarthritis, Achyranthes bidentata has been shown to contain active compounds such as quercetin, baicalein, and berberine, which target key proteins involved in inflammation and apoptosis, thereby providing therapeutic benefits. Furthermore, Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharides have been found to activate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, promoting chondrocyte proliferation and potentially aiding in the treatment of osteoarthritis. The findings from these studies suggest that Achyranthes bidentata and its various extracts and polysaccharides hold promise as alternative or complementary treatments for bone and joint disorders. The ability of Achyranthes bidentata to enhance bone mineral density, improve bone microarchitecture, and stimulate osteogenic activity without significant side effects makes it a valuable candidate for the treatment of osteoporosis, particularly in postmenopausal women. Additionally, its anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective properties indicate potential benefits in managing osteoarthritis. Clinicians may consider incorporating Achyranthes bidentata-based treatments into therapeutic regimens for patients with osteoporosis and osteoarthritis, especially those who are unable to tolerate conventional medications or are seeking natural alternatives. However, further clinical trials are necessary to establish standardized dosages, long-term safety, and efficacy in human populations. In conclusion, Achyranthes bidentata exhibits significant potential in the clinical management of bone and joint disorders. The diverse range of bioactive compounds and polysaccharides derived from Achyranthes bidentata have shown promising results in preclinical studies, highlighting their ability to promote bone health and alleviate symptoms of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. Future research should focus on clinical trials to validate these findings and explore the full therapeutic potential of Achyranthes bidentata in human populations. By integrating traditional knowledge with modern scientific research, Achyranthes bidentata could become a valuable addition to the arsenal of treatments available for bone and joint health, offering a natural and effective option for patients worldwide.
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