Medicinal Plant Research 2024, Vol.14, No.1, 45-56 http://hortherbpublisher.com/index.php/mpr 52 Figure 3 Sleep analysis of rats through automated sleep scoring by AccuSleep algorithm in MATLAB (Adopted from Kim et al., 2023) Image caption: After the administration of Chry ext (100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) once a day for 7 days, EEG and EMG recorded for 6 h (10:00-16:00) at the last administration were used. The representative examples of AccuSleep interface including the sleep stages, EEG spectrogram, and EMG power in control and Chry200 are displayed (a,b). Wake and sleep time analysis (c,d), duration of REMS and NREMS time (e,f), and sleep-wake cycles (g) were determined. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001, compared with the control group. Chry, Chrysanthemum morifolium extract; EEG, electroencephalogram; EMG, electromyogram; REMS, rapid eye movement sleep; NREMS, non-REMS; Wake, wakefulness (Adopted from Kim et al., 2023) 7 Safety and Toxicity 7.1 Acute and chronic toxicity studies Chrysanthemum morifoliumhas been extensively studied for its bioactive compounds and their potential health benefits. However, the safety and toxicity profiles of these compounds are equally important. Acute and chronic toxicity studies are essential to determine the safe dosage and potential side effects of Chrysanthemum morifolium extracts. For instance, the study by Lee et al. (2021) demonstrated that Chrysanthemum morifoliumflower extract (CE) was administered to rats over a 13-week period, showing no adverse effects at doses of 0.2% and 0.4% CE in their diet. This suggests a favorable safety profile for long-term consumption. Additionally, the study by (Kim
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