Medicinal Plant Research 2024, Vol.14, No.1, 45-56 http://hortherbpublisher.com/index.php/mpr 50 5.4 Cardiovascular benefits 5.4.1 Mechanisms of action The cardiovascular benefits of Chrysanthemum morifolium are attributed to its ability to modulate lipid metabolism, reduce oxidative stress, and improve endothelial function. The extract enhances the activity of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), which play crucial roles in regulating energy balance and mitochondrial function (Lee et al., 2021). 5.4.2 Experimental evidence Experimental studies have shown that Chrysanthemum morifoliumextract can significantly reduce dyslipidemia, hepatic fat accumulation, and systemic inflammation in high-fat diet-induced obese rats. The extract also increased energy expenditure and improved mitochondrial biogenesis and function in skeletal muscle (Lee et al., 2021). 5.5 Neuroprotective effects 5.5.1 Mechanisms of action Chrysanthemum morifolium exerts neuroprotective effects through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The extract modulates neurotransmitter levels and protects against oxidative damage by enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and reducing the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins (Hao et al., 2021; Liu et al., 2020). 5.5.2 Experimental evidence In experimental models, Chrysanthemum morifoliumextract has been shown to protect against oxidative damage in neuronal cells by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway (Hao et al., 2021). Additionally, the extract demonstrated anti-depressive effects in corticosterone-induced depression models by modulating metabolic pathways related to neurotransmitter synthesis and energy metabolism (Liu et al., 2020) (Figure 2). Figure 2 Metabolomics analysis of Chrysanthemum morifoliumextract in ameliorating depression (Adapted from Liu et al., 2020)
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