Medicinal Plant Research 2024, Vol.14, No.1, 45-56 http://hortherbpublisher.com/index.php/mpr 45 Feature Review Open Access Active Essence of Chrysanthemum morifolium: Comprehensive Study of Chemical Characteristics and Bioactivity Rongrong Cai , Linfei Zhao, Maorong Suo Jiyang College, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Zhuji, 311800, Zhejiang, China Corresponding email: cair2012@163.com Medicinal Plant Research, 2024, Vol.14, No.1 doi: 10.5376/mpr.2024.14.0004 Received: 06 Jan., 2024 Accepted: 10 Feb., 2024 Published: 22 Feb., 2024 Copyright © 2024 Cai et al., This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Preferred citation for this article: Cai R.R., Zhao L.F., and Suo M.R., 2024, Active essence of Chrysanthemum morifolium: comprehensive study of chemical characteristics and bioactivity, Medicinal Plant Research, 14(1): 45-56 (doi: 10.5376/mpr.2024.14.0004) Abstract The primary goal of this study was to comprehensively analyze the chemical characteristics and bioactivity of the active essence of Chrysanthemum morifolium. The study identified a rich presence of bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, caffeoylquinic acids, and essential oils, in Chrysanthemum morifolium. Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry revealed the presence of 7 caffeoylquinic acids, 21 flavones and flavonols, 4 carotenoids, and 13 other compounds across various cultivars. Ultrasonic-assisted extraction optimized the analysis of eight bioactive compounds, enhancing the efficiency and sensitivity of the extraction process. The essential oils exhibited significant antimicrobial, antiviral, and antioxidant activities, with camphor being a major constituent. Additionally, the flower extract demonstrated potential in ameliorating obesity-induced inflammation and enhancing muscle mitochondrial content and AMPK/SIRT1 activities in obese rats. Metabolomics approaches identified kaempferol, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, and apigenin as key xanthine oxidase inhibitors, suggesting their role in anti-hyperuricemic potential. The study also highlighted the importance of chlorogenic acid and other compounds as quality markers for antioxidant activity. The findings underscore the significant bioactive potential of Chrysanthemum morifolium, supporting its traditional use in food, beverages, and medicine. The identified compounds and their bioactivities suggest potential applications in developing natural preservatives, anti-inflammatory agents, and treatments for metabolic disorders. Keywords Chrysanthemum morifolium; Bioactive compounds; Flavonoids; Caffeoylquinic acids; Essential oils; Antioxidant activity; Anti-inflammatory; Metabolomics; AMPK/SIRT1; Xanthine oxidase inhibitors 1 Introduction Chrysanthemum morifolium, commonly known as chrysanthemum, is a flowering plant that has been extensively cultivated for its ornamental value and medicinal properties. The flowers of C. morifoliumare rich in bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, caffeoylquinic acids, and various phenolic glycosides, which contribute to its diverse pharmacological activities (Chen et al., 2020; Yang et al., 2019a; 2019b). The plant is widely used in China and Japan, not only as a decorative plant but also as a food, beverage, and traditional medicine (Yang et al., 2019a; 2019b). In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), the flower head of Chrysanthemum morifolium, known as Juhua, is highly valued for its therapeutic properties. It is commonly used to treat respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, and it exhibits significant antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and neuroprotective activities (Yuan et al., 2020). The use of Juhua in TCM highlights the importance of dietary herbal medicines, which have been an integral part of Chinese healthcare for thousands of years (Yuan et al., 2020). Recent studies have shown that C. morifolium flower extract can ameliorate obesity-induced inflammation, enhance muscle mitochondrial content, and activate the AMPK/SIRT1 pathway, further supporting its medicinal value (Lee et al., 2021). The aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the chemical characteristics and bioactivity of Chrysanthemum morifolium. This includes an in-depth examination of its phytochemical composition, the pharmacological effects of its bioactive compounds, and its applications in traditional and modern medicine. By synthesizing findings from recent research, this study seeks to enhance our understanding of the therapeutic potential of C. morifoliumand to identify areas for future investigation. The scope of this study encompasses the
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