Journal of Tea Science Research, 2024, Vol.14, No.5, 262-272 http://hortherbpublisher.com/index.php/jtsr 270 impacts of climate fluctuations on tea production, supporting the potential for widespread application of these techniques across different tea-growing regions. 6.2 The relationship between tea garden management and ecological balance Tea garden management is closely linked to ecological balance. Scientific and reasonable management practices not only enhance tea yield and quality but also contribute to the stability of the tea garden ecosystem. At Dongping High Mountain Tea Garden, ecological construction and biodiversity conservation—such as planting shade trees and nectar plants—have established a stable food chain, effectively controlling pest and disease occurrence and reducing pesticide use. During garden clearing and sealing, low-toxicity or non-toxic control methods are employed, maintaining the garden’s ecological environment and the natural conditions required for tea tree growth. Such management practices protect soil health and water quality, minimizing human-induced disruptions to the ecosystem and fostering sustainable tea garden development. Furthermore, ecological balance within tea garden management subtly influences the flavor and aroma of tea leaves. Diverse plant species not only provide tea trees with a favorable microclimate but also improve soil fertility and water conditions. This environmental regulation effect has been notably evident in Dongping Tea Garden, where tea quality remains stable, with enhanced flavor characteristics. Integrating ecological balance into tea garden management offers a model for other tea gardens aiming to improve tea quality while promoting sustainable agricultural development. 6.3 Future directions for tea garden management technology development Future development of tea garden management technologies will likely focus on precision, ecology, and intelligence to better meet the challenges of climate change and market demand. Precision fertilization, smart irrigation, and pest monitoring technologies can reduce resource waste and improve management efficiency. For example, using sensors to monitor soil moisture, temperature, and nutrient levels allows tea gardens to irrigate and fertilize at optimal times and locations, precisely meeting tea trees’ growth needs. Smart pest monitoring systems can provide early warnings, allowing for biological control methods and enabling low-pesticide or pesticide-free tea production (Jia et al., 2019; Lloret et al., 2021). On the ecological front, future tea garden management will emphasize diversified plantings and soil improvement techniques to enhance ecological sustainability. For instance, planting green manure crops and cover plants can boost soil fertility and reduce soil erosion. Additionally, introducing beneficial insects or microorganisms can increase biodiversity in the tea garden, creating a natural pest control system. These ecologically focused management strategies not only protect the environment but also enhance the natural quality and market competitiveness of tea. 7 Concluding Remarks This study systematically analyzed the autumn and winter management techniques at Dongping High Mountain Tea Garden and their impact on spring tea yield and quality. The findings reveal that appropriate autumn and winter management practices, including fertilization, pruning, garden clearing, and sealing, are crucial for maintaining healthy tea tree growth and improving spring tea yield and quality. Data from 2022 to 2024 demonstrate that these practices enhanced tea tree resilience and stabilized yield amid fluctuating climate conditions, with a particularly significant yield increase in 2024 under high-temperature conditions. Furthermore, combining ecological balance with effective management improved soil fertility and microclimate, enhanced tea aroma and flavor, and stabilized tea quality. These findings offer valuable insights and references for autumn and winter management practices in other tea regions. Based on the results, several key practices can be implemented to enhance spring tea yield and quality. The application of organic fertilizer and precise fertilization timing are essential for maintaining soil nutrients in autumn and winter, providing a solid foundation for spring growth. Additionally, pruning and topping should be adjusted according to the specific characteristics of tea varieties and local climate conditions to minimize
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