Journal of Tea Science Research, 2024, Vol.14, No.5, 262-272 http://hortherbpublisher.com/index.php/jtsr 263 prevention measures to enhance resilience and adaptability. Autumn and winter management includes fertilization, weeding, pruning, and pest control. Base fertilization (such as organic and phosphorus-potassium fertilizers) improves soil fertility, ensuring the quality of spring buds (Cao, 2002; Xie et al., 2019). Removing weeds, pruning branches, and clearing diseased wood prevent pest proliferation and create a favorable environment for spring tea growth (Sun et al., 2018; Zhang et al., 2023). Pruning and topping control the height and shape of tea trees, promote bud growth, and facilitate spring harvesting. Thus, autumn and winter management not only plays a maintenance role but also lays a strong foundation for high-quality, high-yield spring tea production, ensuring the health and sustainability of the tea garden. This study comprehensively explores the impact of autumn and winter management on the yield and quality of spring tea, focusing on Zhejiang Dongping High Mountain Tea Garden as the study site. It analyzes the effects of various management practices on tea tree health, soil conditions, and the ecological environment during the autumn and winter seasons, thereby evaluating their positive impact on spring tea production. By summarizing the specific management practices of Dongping High Mountain Tea Garden, this research aims to provide scientific and practical management strategies for tea farmers and enterprises, balancing economic benefits with ecological sustainability and advancing the industrialization of high-quality tea production. 2 Research Site and Background 2.1 Overview of the Dongping High Mountain Tea Garden The Zhejiang Dongping High Mountain Tea Garden is renowned for its premium tea, where ecological conditions and management practices directly affect tea yield and quality. The garden's geographic setting, tea varieties, and local ecological factors present unique conditions and challenges for autumn and winter management. Situated in the mountainous western region of Pujiang County, Zhejiang Province, this tea garden lies along a branch of the Longmen Mountain Range, characterized by diverse terrain and a rich ecological environment (Figure 1). The garden primarily features evergreen and deciduous broadleaf forests, providing a dense vegetation cover. Due to the diversity of bedrock types and microclimatic variations, the tea garden has deep soil layers with complex soil types, including red soil, yellow soil, sandy soil, and gray ash soil. Each soil type offers distinct nutrient conditions and drainage properties. For example, the west-facing slopes have red soil that forms under warm, humid climates; it has low organic matter but high clay content, which provides good water and nutrient retention. The south-facing slopes are mainly sandy, with loose structure, while the north-facing slopes contain fine gray ash soil. Overall, the diversity in soil composition across the garden impacts nutrient levels and drainage, influencing tea tree growth and the selection of management practices (Zhang, 2018). Figure 1 Panoramic View of Zhejiang Dongping High Mountain Tea Garden
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