Journal of Tea Science Research, 2024, Vol.14, No.3, 148-159 http://hortherbpublisher.com/index.php/jtsr 151 3.2 Anti-inflammatory and Immune-boosting properties Rooibos tea is known for its potent anti-inflammatory properties, which are largely attributed to its high aspalathin content. Aspalathin has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities, making it a valuable natural ingredient for various health applications (Chaudhary et al., 2021). The anti-inflammatory effects of rooibos are further supported by its ability to modulate immune system responses and adrenal steroidogenesis, which can help in managing chronic inflammatory conditions (Smith and Swart, 2018). Studies have also highlighted the immune-modulating and chemopreventive actions of rooibos, indicating its potential in enhancing overall immune health (McKay and Blumberg, 2007). At the same time, specific components in rooibos tea can stimulate the immune system's response, helping the body to fend off viral and bacterial invasions. This immune-boosting property makes rooibos tea an ideal daily beverage, especially during cold seasons or when the immune system is weakened. 3.3 Effects on metabolic health and diabetes management Rooibos tea has shown significant potential in managing metabolic health and diabetes. The antioxidant compounds in rooibos, such as aspalathin, have been effective in reducing oxidative stress and advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) in diabetic models, thereby preventing diabetic vascular complications (Uličná et al., 2006). Rooibos tea has also been found to improve glucose and lipid metabolism, which are critical factors in managing metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes (Muller et al., 2018). Furthermore, rooibos tea has demonstrated the ability to inhibit intestinal glucose absorption and enhance muscle glucose uptake, making it a functional food for diabetes management (Xiao et al., 2020). In addition to the ability of antioxidants in rooibos tea to stabilize blood sugar levels and reduce blood sugar fluctuations, specific components in rooibos tea can also improve insulin resistance, which is significant for the prevention and management of diabetes. For diabetic patients, moderate consumption of rooibos tea may help better control blood sugar levels and reduce the risk of complications. 4 Economic Impact in the Global Market 4.1 Rooibos tea production and export Rooibos tea, derived from the plant Aspalathus linearis and also known as rooibos or red bush tea, is a unique caffeine-free herbal beverage native to South Africa, often referred to as one of the "Three Treasures of South Africa" alongside gold and diamonds. Rooibos tea is an important component of the global herbal tea market, accounting for about 10% of the industry (Sishi et al., 2019). The production of this tea is primarily concentrated in the Western Cape province of South Africa, particularly in the Cederberg region. In recent years, with the increasing global demand for healthy beverages, the production and export volumes of rooibos tea have been steadily growing. The production of rooibos tea is primarily concentrated in the Western Cape province of South Africa, where it is cultivated and processed before being exported worldwide. The global influence of rooibos tea has significantly expanded, and it is now sold in 37 countries, including major markets such as Germany, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Japan, and the United States (Joubert and Beer, 2011). This international demand underscores the value of rooibos tea as an important export commodity for South Africa. 4.2 Market demand and consumer trends The popularity of rooibos tea is driven by its unique health benefits, including its caffeine-free nature and low tannin content, which appeal to health-conscious consumers (Joubert and Beer, 2011). Additionally, the tea's antioxidant properties contribute to its growing demand (McKay and Blumberg, 2007; Damiani et al., 2019). The market has also seen the introduction of green rooibos, an unfermented variant that offers a different flavor profile and potentially higher health benefits due to its higher polyphenol content (Joubert and Beer, 2011). Consumer trends indicate a preference for natural and health-promoting beverages, which has bolstered the market for rooibos tea. Furthermore, the rise of Fair Trade networks has connected South African producers with
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