Journal of Tea Science Research, 2024, Vol.14, No.1, 64-78 http://hortherbpublisher.com/index.php/jtsr 69 Figure 2 Phylogeny of 116 Camellia plants constructed using maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods (Adopted from Wu et al., 2022) Image caption: (a) Maximum likelihood tree. (b) Bayesian tree. The bootstrap values and posterior probabilities are colored and displayed on the branches of the phylogeny. Major sections of Camellia are marked beside the tree. Numbers in brackets indicate the species numbers used in the present study. The figure shows that Camellia plants can be divided into seven major clusters. Most sections, such as Thea and Furfuracea, have 100% support rates. There are close relationships between sections Glaberrima and Thea, and between sections Paracamellia and Oleifera. Species from sections Pseudocamellia and Tuberculata cluster toether, while Camellia lawii from section Eriandria is most closely related to species from section Theopsis. Chrysantha is positioned at the base, indicating it is the oldest section. Unlike traditional classification systems, C. luteoflora from section Luteoflora is closer to species in Tuberculata. The phylogenetic tree supports revisions of many Camellia species in the Flora of China, indicating its accuracy and robustness (Adapted from Wu et al., 2022) 3.2 Speciation and divergence Speciation in the Camellia genus is driven by a combination of hybridization, polyploidization, and environmental adaptation. Frequent interspecific hybridization has been documented, contributing to the genetic diversity and complexity of the genus (Li et al., 2019; Bajpai and Chaturvedi, 2023). Polyploidization events have also played a crucial role by creating reproductive barriers and promoting genetic divergence, further facilitating speciation, as evidenced by the significant variation in genome sizes among different Camellia species (Bajpai and Chaturvedi, 2023). Additionally, selection pressures from different environmental conditions have influenced the evolutionary trajectories of various species, leading to speciation (Li et al., 2019; Wu et al., 2022).
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