Journal of Tea Science Research, 2024, Vol.14, No.1, 19-43 http://hortherbpublisher.com/index.php/jtsr 32 Continued Table 6 Bioactivities Effects Reference Intoxication White tea enhanced the liver histology, immunohistochemistry and biochemistry against acrylamide induced toxicity in rats Hamdy et al., 2022 1% WTE effectively reduced the activities of biomarkers under conditions of inflammatory, oxidative and liver stress in rats with benzo(a) pyreneinduced hepatotoxicity and lung toxicity Rangi et al., 2018, Dhatwalia et al., 2019 Polyphenol extract from white tea effectively lowered biochemical parameters of liver function and hepatocyte damage in mice with CCl4 induced liver injury Cao et al., 2020 White tea exhibited antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities in mice with acute alcohol-induced liver injury Yi et al., 2020 Alzheimer’s disease White tea exerted significant protection against Aβ hallmark (Alzheimer’s protein) evoked neurotoxicity by modifying Aβ amyloid into an amorphous and punctate aggregate morphology Li et al., 2019 White tea infusions effectively inhibited the activity of acetylcholinesterase, the administration of which inhibitors is the most common treatment of Alzheimer’s disease Baranowska-Wójcik et al., 2020 Aging White tea was effective in reducing wrinkles by lowering dermal extracellular matrix degradation, inflammation, and skin barrier damage Sonawane et al., 2021 In vivo sun protection factor (SPF) testing of white tea cream product revealed an average SPF of 1 Campa and Baron, 2018 Silver needle white tea was proved to be effective in preventing D-galactose/lipopolysaccharide-induced aging in mice through antioxidative and anti-inflammatory mechanisms Chong et al., 2021 WTE had a significant inhibitory effect on the formation of amyloid mediated by aging and high-fat diet Wan et al., 2021 Memory deficits Ischemia impaired spatial learning in rats was avoided by white tea supplementation 10 days before ischemia stroke or sham surgeries Martins et al., 2017 Cancer WTE inhibited proliferation of cancer cells via induction of apoptosis Liu et al., 2018 The viability of the cancer cells decreased with increasing white tea concentrations Haghparasti and Mahdavi Shahri, 2018 The antimicrobial activities of white tea against a variety of pathogens, molds, or fungi have been reported in several studies, and the efficacy of white tea (unfermented) is higher than that of semi-fermented or fermented tea due to its abundance of tea catechins, among which EGCG and EGC are the major ones responsible for the antimicrobial activity (Dias et al., 2019). Ethanol-based and water-based WTEs showed significant antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus, whereas ethanol-based and water-based black tea extracts were effective only against Streptococcus mutans. (Kusumawardani et al., 2019). Compared to green, purple, and black teas, WTE exhibited the highest antimicrobial effect with the largest inhibition zone for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus typhimurium(Koech et al., 2014). However, the antifungal activity of white tea was reported to be lower than green tea and higher than black tea against an aflatoxigenic mold, Aspergillus parasiticus (Orak et al., 2013). The phenolic content in tea extract is likely to be responsible for its antimicrobial capacity, as green tea extract was reported to contain the highest number of phenolic compounds in this study. The application of WTE as an antimicrobial agent in foods systems has been shown to be effective in inhibiting microbial growth, maintaining food quality, and prolonging shelf life. Biopolymer films based on furcellaran-whey protein isolate incorporated with WTE successfully inhibited yeast and mold growth during storage for cheese (Pluta-Kubica et al., 2020). In another study, white tea kombucha and chitosan-kombucha films
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