Journal of Tea Science Research, 2024, Vol.14, No.1, 10-18 http://hortherbpublisher.com/index.php/jtsr 15 4 Molecular Mechanism Analysis 4.1 Regulation of expression of tea root probiotics and tea yellowing related genes The interaction between tea root probiotics and tea yellowing involves complex molecular mechanisms. Through transcriptomic analysis, significantly different gene expression patterns were found between the tea tree root probiotic treatment group and the control group (Chen et al., 2018). Some genes related to immune response, antioxidant response and plant growth regulation were significantly up-regulated in the probiotic treatment group. This suggests that the application of probiotics may enhance the disease resistance and growth status of tea plants by regulating the expression of these genes. Further functional enrichment analysis showed that the up-regulated genes in the tea root probiotics treatment group were mainly involved in disease-resistance-related pathways, such as signal transduction pathways in plant immune system and pathogen recognition mechanisms. These findings suggest that tea root probiotics may inhibit the development of tea yellowing by activating the plant's immune response. 4.2 Influence of active substances produced by probiotics on tea yellowing disease The results of chemical analysis showed that the culture medium produced by tea root probiotics contained a variety of secondary metabolites, such as antibiotics, plant growth regulation substances and secondary metabolites. Some of these substances have been shown to have antibacterial activity and plant growth regulation ability (Chen et al., 2018). Through further bioactivity evaluation, it was found that probiotic culture solution had inhibitory effect on the growth and physiological activity of pathogenic bacteria of tea yellowing. Further studies have shown that these active substances may affect tea yellowing by directly inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria, reducing their virulence, or by activating the plant's defense response. These active substances may be closely related to the symbiotic mechanism of tea root probiotics, and provide a potential mechanism for the prevention and treatment of tea yelosis. 4.3 Interaction of tea root probiotics with immune system The interaction between tea root probiotics and tea yelosis also involves the immune system of the tea plant (Figure 3). Zhu et al. (2020) analyzed the expression regulation of immune-related genes in tea tree roots treated with probiotics and control plants to understand the effect of probiotics on the immune response of tea trees. The results showed that the expression of many genes related to immune response showed a significant up-regulation trend in the tea tree root probiotic treatment group. These genes include key components encoding defense proteins, signaling factors and hormone synthases. This suggests that tea root probiotics may enhance the immune response of tea plants by regulating the expression of immune-related genes (Wang et al., 2020). Further functional enrichment analysis also revealed that the genes upregulated in the tea tree root probiotic treatment group were associated with key pathways in the plant immune system, such as activation signaling pathways and hormone regulation mechanisms. These findings suggest that tea root probiotics may promote disease resistance of the plant through interaction with the immune system of the tea plant, thereby reducing the occurrence and development of tea yellowing disease. The interaction between tea root probiotics and tea yelosis involves several molecular mechanisms. By regulating the expression of related genes in tea tree, probiotics may enhance the disease resistance and growth status of tea tree. In addition, the active substances produced by probiotics have an inhibitory effect on the pathogenic bacteria of tea yellowing disease and may affect the disease by activating the plant's defense response. At the same time, the interaction of tea plant root probiotics with the immune system helps to enhance the immune response and disease resistance of tea plant. These results provide an important theoretical basis for the prevention and control of tea yellowing disease, and provide a scientific basis for the application of probiotics in tea cultivation.
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