International Journal of Horticulture, 2025, Vol.15, No.6, 312-322 http://hortherbpublisher.com/index.php/ijh 314 (December-February). Since the research was conducted in lab during the month of October, an average temperature of about 29 °C and 6 hours of daily light was maintained via: sodium light. 2.3 Experimental details The experiment comprised of 8 treatments laid out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) each replicated 3 times. 2.4 Operational activities 2.4.1 Seed treatment and planting Okra seeds of variety Arka Anamika were obtained from Phuyal Agrovet Centre, Bardibas. Procured seeds were truthfully labelled having initial germination percentage of minimum 70% with physical purity of 97%. The treatment solutions were prepared (Table 1), and seeds were primed with respective treatments for 12 hours followed by shade drying for 2 hours. From each treatment ten seeds were sown in individual petri dish and then were watered. All the replicate-trays were watered at 2 pm daily until the experiment was completed. The data were collected from the first day after germination till the final day of experiment. Table 1 Treatments and their concentration used in this research No. of treatments Treatments Concentration T1 Hydropriming Presoaked seed (12 hrs) T2 Halopriming 1% NaCl solution T3 Osmo-priming 1%KNO3 solution T4 Hormonal-priming GA3 (2.5ppm) T5 Nutri-priming SOP (1.5 ppm) T6 Botanical extract Neem extract (1 ppm) T7 Biological priming Cow urine (0.1%) T8 Hydro (unsoaked) Unsoaked seed Note: NaCl- sodium chloride; KNO3- potassium nitrate; GA3- gibberellic acid; SOP- sulphate of potash; ppm- parts per million 2.4.2 Data collection Number of germinated seeds: From the start till the end of the experiment, the number of seeds germinated were recorded. Time taken for germination: Number of days required by seeds for germination was also recorded. Root length: The root lengths of the seedlings were measured at the final day of the experiment by randomly selecting 5 seedlings from each petri dish. Shoot length: The shoot lengths of the seedlings were measured at the final day of the experiment by randomly selecting 5 seedlings from each petri dish. Seed germination percentage, Germination rate, Mean germination time, Seedling vigor index, and Allometric coefficient were calculated (Table 2). Table 2 Formulas related to the variables related to seed germination used in this research Germination and seedling growth parameters Variable Formula References SGP Germination percentage GP= �/Nt ×100 (Rezaei and Yarnia, 2009) GRI Germination Rate GRI= � =1 � 푁� /퐷� (Ranal and De Santana, 2006) MGT Mean Germination Time MGT= ∑(�D) /∑n (Tompsett and Pritchard, 1998) SVI Seedling Vigor Index SVI= (SL+RL)/2 ×G (Vashisth and Nagarajan, 2010) AC Allometric Coefficient AC=RL/SL (Ranal and De Santana, 2006) SoG Speed of Germination SoG= N1/D1+N2/D2+N3/D3 (Gairola et al., 2011) SGE Germination energy GE=N/Nt (Rezaei and Yarnia, 2009) Note: N (The number of germinated seeds), Nt (Number of seeds used), D (The number of days after germination), RL (Root length), SL (Shoot length), G (Ultimate germination), n (nth day), SGP (Seed germination percentage), SGE (Seed germination energy), GRI (Germination rate index), MGT (Mean germination time), SVI (Seedling vigor index), SoG (Speed of germination) and AC (Allometric coefficient)
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