International Journal of Horticulture, 2025, Vol.15, No.6, 290-298 http://hortherbpublisher.com/index.php/ijh 297 Future research in leaf removal methods will probably focus on precision management, with cultivar-specific response, environmental monitoring, and mechanized or automated defoliation systems being integrated. The synthesis of physiological, molecular, and digital vineyard data has the promise to enable the optimized schedule of leaf removal to improve quality and efficiency. These practices have the potential for extensive use in commercial table grape production, with benefits for sustainable vineyard management, fruit quality improvement, and economic return across the industry. Acknowledgments The authors sincerely acknowledge the research team for their invaluable assistance and support throughout the study's development and documentation process, whose contributions provided crucial support for the successful completion of this research. Additionally, the authors extend gratitude to the two anonymous peer reviewers for their insightful comments and suggestions during the manuscript review process. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The authors affirm that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Aipperspach A., Hammond J., and Hatterman-Valenti H., 2020, Utilizing pruning and leaf removal to optimize ripening of Vitis riparia-based ‘Frontenac Gris’ and ‘Marquette’ wine grapes in the Northern Great Plains, Horticulturae, 6(1): 18. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae6010018 Alessandrini M., Battista F., Panighel A., Flamini R., and Tomasi D., 2018, Effect of pre-bloom leaf removal on grape aroma composition and wine sensory profile of Semillon cultivar, J. Sci. Food Agric., 98(5): 1674-1684. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.8638 Arrillaga L., Echeverría G., Izquierdo B., Rey J., Pallante A., and Ferrer M., 2021, Response of Tannat (Vitis vinifera L.) to pre-flowering leaf removal in a humid climate, OENO One, 55(2): 251-266. https://doi.org/10.20870/OENO-ONE.2021.55.2.4613 Assefa M., Creasy G., Hofmann R., and Parker A., 2025, Asynchronous accumulation of sugar and phenolics in grapevines following post-veraison leaf removal, OENO One, 59(2): 247-259. https://doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2025.59.2.9314 Bakhsh A., Akhtar A., Hussain F., and Ahmed S., 2021, Impact of fruit zone leaf removal on fruit quality and yield of King’s Ruby grapes (Vitis vinifera L.), Sarhad J. Agric., 37(3): 774-780. https://doi.org/10.17582/journal.sja/2021/37.3.774.780 Cataldo E., Salvi L., Paoli F., Fucile M., and Mattii G., 2021, Effects of defoliation at fruit set on vine physiology and berry composition in Cabernet Sauvignon grapevines, Plants, 10(6): 1183. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10061183 Cincotta F., Verzera A., Prestia O., Tripodi G., Lechhab W., Sparacio A., and Condurso C., 2021, Influence of leaf removal on grape, wine and aroma compounds of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Merlot under Mediterranean climate, Eur. Food Res. Technol., 248(2): 403-413. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-021-03885-w Doğan O., 2025, Determination of effects of some summer pruning applications on yield and quality characteristics of Alphonse Lavallée (Vitis vinifera L.) grape variety, Horticulturae, 11(4): 445. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae11040445 Kok D., 2022, Responses of berry growth and quality attributes of early-maturing cv. Trakya Ilkeren (V. vinifera L.) to diverse crop control practices and reflective mulch application, Erwerbs-Obstbau, 64(1): 11-17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10341-022-00667-w Korkutal I., Bahar E., and Zinni A., 2022, The effect of leaf removal and topping at different stages on the grape leaf characteristics, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Univ. Tarım ve Doğa Derg., 25(4): 772-780. https://doi.org/10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.1069640 Lanati D., Cascio P., Pollon M., Corona O., and Marchi D., 2021, Effect of leaf removal and ripening stage on the content of quercetin glycosides in Sangiovese grapes, OENO One, 55(4): 99-110. https://doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2021.55.4.4708 Li Z., Yang D., Guan X., Sun Y., and Wang J., 2023, Changes in volatile composition of Cabernet Sauvignon (Vitis vinifera L.) grapes under leaf removal treatment, Agronomy, 13(7): 1888. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13071888 Lu H., Hu L., Liu Y., Cheng C., Chen W., Li S., He F., Duan C., and Wang J., 2022, Reducing the source/sink ratio of grapevine to face global warming in a semi-arid climate: Effects on volatile composition of Cabernet Sauvignon grapes and wines, Food Chem.: X, 15: 100449.
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