International Journal of Horticulture, 2025, Vol.15, No.6, 279-289 http://hortherbpublisher.com/index.php/ijh 283 PPM and NAA 400 PPM had intermediate effects. By 90 DAP, IBA 400 PPM + NAA 200 PPM again recorded the highest shoot count (2.10), followed by IBA 7,500 PPM (2.05) and IBA 6,500 PPM (1.95), all significantly greater than the control (1.25). The CV values ranged from 24.31% at 30 DAP to 14.26% at 90 DAP, indicating reduced variability over time. The SEM values were ±0.047, ±0.055, and ±0.075 for 30, 60, and 90 DAP, respectively. The F-test showed significant differences at the 1% level (**) at 30 and 90 DAP and at the 5% level (*) at 60 DAP. These findings confirm that the use of growth hormones, particularly the combination of IBA 400 + NAA 200 PPM, significantly enhances shoot multiplication in dragon fruit cuttings over time. Table 3 Effect of growth hormones on average number of shoots per cutting Treatments Average number of shoots per cutting 30DAP 60DAP 90DAP IBA-7,500 PPM 0.80a 1.25a 2.05a IBA-6,500 PPM 0.70a 1.07b 1.95a NAA-200 PPM 0.67a 1.07b 1.82b NAA-400 PPM 0.80a 1.22a 1.85b IBA-400 PPM+NAA-200 PPM 0.85a 1.25a 2.10a Control 0.35b 0.70c 1.25c Mean 0.69 1.09 1.83 CV(%) 24.31 19.11 14.26 SEM(±) 0.047 0.055 0.075 F-test ** * ** Note: ***Significant at 0.1 % level of significance, **Significant at 1% level of significance, *Significant at 5 % level of significance., DAP: Day After Planting, CV: Coefficient of variance, SEM: standard error mean 3.3 Effect of growth hormones on length of shoots per cutting The results reveal highly significant differences (***) among treatments at all three-time intervals (Table 4). At 30 DAP, the longest shoots were observed in the IBA 400 PPM + NAA 200 PPM treatment (10.07 cm), followed by NAA 400 PPM (9.30 cm), both significantly superior to the control (5.65 cm). Similar trends were recorded at 60 and 90 DAP, where IBA 400 PPM + NAA 200 PPM maintained the highest shoot lengths (20.07 cm and 30.07 cm, respectively), followed by NAA 400 PPM (19.30 cm and 27.60 cm), indicating a strong synergistic effect of combined hormones. In contrast, the control consistently exhibited the shortest shoot lengths (15.65 cm at 60 DAP and 23.95 cm at 90 DAP). The CV percentages decreased over time (11.19% at 30 DAP to 3.41% at 90 DAP), indicating increasing uniformity in treatment responses with time. The standard error of mean (SEM) values remained low and stable across all intervals (±0.337 to ±0.356), further supporting the reliability of the results. These findings demonstrate that the application of IBA 400 PPM + NAA 200 PPM most effectively promotes shoot elongation in dragon fruit cuttings throughout the observation period. Table 4 Effect of growth hormones on length of shoots per cutting Treatments Average shoot length per cuttings (cm) 30DAP 60DAP 90DAP IBA-7,500 PPM 8.02bc 18.02bc 26.32bc IBA-6,500 PPM 6.97cd 16.97cd 25.27cd NAA-200 PPM 8.27bc 18.27bc 26.57bc NAA-400 PPM 9.30ab 19.30ab 27.60ab IBA-400 PPM + NAA-200 PPM 10.07a 20.07a 20.07a Control 5.65d 15.65d 23.95d Mean 8.05 18.05 26.35 CV(%) 11.19 4.99 3.41 SEM(±) 0.337 0.342 0.356 F-test *** *** *** Note: ***Significant at 0.1 % level of significance, **Significant at 1% level of significance, *Significant at 5 % level of significance., DAP: Day After Planting, CV: Coefficient of variance, SEM: standard error mean
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