International Journal of Horticulture, 2025, Vol.15, No.6, 279-289 http://hortherbpublisher.com/index.php/ijh 282 months of planting, the potted plants were given a top dressing. Irrigation and weeding were done on a weekly basis. 2.4 Data Collection and observations After planting cuttings were examined and the following observation were recorded at 30, 60, and 90 days after planting for several growth parameters. The observation was done on days taken for shoot and root initiation, average number of shoots per cuttings, shoot length, shoot diameter, average number of roots per cutting, average length of root, root diameter, and raw data were taken on these observations. The length (cm) was measured using scale whereas diameter (mm) was measured using vernier caliper. 2.5 Statistical analysis The data were meticulously organized in chronological order to replicate treatment blocks within Microsoft Excel (version 2021). Subsequently, ANOVA was conducted utilizing R-Studio statistical software (version 4.2.3) to evaluate the principal growth attributes of the fruit. Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was employed to compare mean values among various treatments at a significant level of 5%. 3 Results and Analysis 3.1 Effects of growth hormones on shoot and root emergence The results show that the application of growth hormones significantly influenced both shoot and root emergence, with days to first shoot emergence differing highly significantly among treatments (p ≤ 0.001) (Table 2). The earliest shoot emergence was observed with NAA-400 PPM (14.25 days), followed by NAA-200 PPM (16.25 days) and IBA-400 PPM + NAA-200 PPM (16.50 days), which were statistically similar. On the other hand, the control treatment showed the longest duration for shoot emergence (24.00 days), whereas the overall mean across treatments was 18.75 days. For days to first root emergence, the differences among treatments were significant at the 1% level (p ≤ 0.01). The earliest root emergence occurred in IBA-400 PPM + NAA-200 PPM (23.25 days), which was significantly earlier than most treatments and closely followed by IBA-7,500 PPM (25.25 days), IBA-6,500 PPM (26.00 days), and NAA-400 PPM (27.50 days). In contrast, the control treatment took the maximum time (32.75 days) for root initiation. The overall mean across treatments was 27.37 days. Taken together, the combination of IBA-400 PPM + NAA-200 PPM proved to be the most effective treatment, ensuring both early shoot and root emergence compared to other treatments. Table 2 Effects of growth hormones on shoot and root emergence Treatments Days to first shoot emergence Days to first root emergence IBA-7,500 PPM 19.75c 25.25bc IBA-6,500 PPM 21.75b 26.00bc NAA-200 PPM 16.25d 29.50ab NAA-400 PPM 14.25e 27.50bc IBA-400 PPM + NAA-200 PPM 16.50d 23.25c Control 24.00a 32.75a Mean 18.75 27.37 CV(%) 5.76 11.69 SEM(±) 0.735 0.859 F-test *** ** Note: ***Significant at 0.1 % level of significance, **Significant at 1% level of significance, *Significant at 5 % level of significance., DAP: Day After Planting, CV: Coefficient of variance, SEM: standard error mean 3.2 Effect of growth hormones on average number of shoots per cutting The data reveal that hormone application significantly enhanced shoot proliferation compared to the control across all observation periods (Table 3). At 30 DAP, the highest number of shoots (0.85) was recorded in the IBA 400 + NAA 200 PPM treatment, which was statistically at par with other hormone treatments but significantly higher than the control (0.35). At 60 DAP, IBA 7,500 PPM and IBA 400 PPM + NAA 200 PPM showed the highest shoot numbers (1.25), significantly surpassing the control (0.70) and NAA 200 PPM (1.07), while IBA 6,500
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