International Journal of Horticulture, 2025, Vol.15, No.4, 195-200 http://hortherbpublisher.com/index.php/ijh 199 4 Discussion The superior plant height in poultry manure treatments likely results from its nutrient-rich composition, particularly high nitrogen content, which supports vegetative growth. This aligns with findings by Adhikari and Gyawali (2024), Adekiya et al. (2020), and Tiamiyu et al. (2013), who noted that poultry manure enhances plant height due to its ability to retain and supply nutrients efficiently. Poultry manure’s organic nature improves soil structure and microbial activity, facilitating better nutrient absorption compared to chemical fertilizers like NPK. The lack of significant differences in leaf count and branch number across treatments suggests that these parameters are less sensitive to nutrient source variations under the study conditions, consistent with Adhikari and Gyawali (2024). For yield components, poultry manure and vermicompost significantly increased fruit number, length, diameter, and total yield, corroborating studies by Premsekhar and Rajashree (2009), Khandaker et al. (2017), and Shahriazzaman et al. (2014). These outcomes are attributed to improved soil physical and biological properties, enhancing nutrient availability. Poultry manure outperformed NPK in reproductive traits, as supported by Adhikari and Adhikari (2020), likely due to its sustained nutrient release. The lower performance of FYM and control treatments highlights the limited nutrient availability in these media, as noted by Adekiya et al. (2020b) and Jamkatel et al. (2020). 5 Conclusion In conclusion, the study demonstrated that okra showed superior performance in both growth and yield parameters when treated with poultry manure compared to other fertilizers and the control treatment. Poultry manure significantly enhanced plant height, number of leaves, branches, and various yield attributes such as pod number, weight, length, and total productivity. In contrast, plants in other fertilizer-treated plots and untreated control plots exhibited comparatively poor performance. These results highlight poultry manure as an effective and sustainable organic nutrient source, offering a viable alternative to synthetic fertilizers for enhancing okra productivity while promoting soil health. Authors’ contributions TCJ developed the concept of the experiment, design the experiment and involved in data interpretation and report draft review. NA involved in data collection, analysis and content writing. HPG also engaged in data collection, analysis and content writing. Likewise, RS and SD also involved in data collection, analysis and content writing. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The authors affirm that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Adekiya A.O., Ejue W.S., Olayanju A., Dunsin O., Aboyeji C.M., Aremu C., Adegbite K., and Akinpelu O., 2020, Different organic manure sources and NPK fertilizer on soil chemical properties, growth, yield, and quality of okra, Scientific Reports, 10(1): 16083. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-73291-x Adhikari A., and Piya A., 2020, Effect of different sources of nutrient on growth and yield of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Monech), International Journal of Environmental and Agriculture Research, 6(1): 45-50. Adhikari S.P., and Gyawali C., 2024, Comparative analysis of manures and fertilizer on okra growth, yield, and its economics in Baitadi, Nepal, Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science, 9(3): 422-430. Arisha H.M., and Bradisi A., 1999, Effect of mineral fertilizers and organic fertilizers on growth, yield, and quality of potato under sandy soil conditions, Zagazig Journal of Agricultural Research, 26: 391-405. Awodun M.A., Odedina S.A., and Ojeniyi S.O., 2007, Effect of animal manure amended spent grain and cocoa husk on nutrient status, growth, and yield of tomato, Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 2(1): 33-36. Bhandari S., Pandey S.R., Giri K., Wagle P., Bhattarai S., and Neupane R.B., 2019, Effects of different fertilizers on the growth and yield of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) in summer season in Chitwan, Nepal, Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science, 4(4): 396-403. https://doi.org/10.26832/24566632.2019.040405 FAOSTAT, 2022, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. https://www.fao.org/faostat Jamkatel D.P., Khatri S., Bista A., and Ghimire A., 2020, Responses of organic and inorganic fertilizers on growth and yield of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench Cv. Arka Anamika), Tropical Agroecosystems (TAEC), 1(2): 64-66.
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