International Journal of Horticulture, 2025, Vol.15, No.3, 113-122 http://hortherbpublisher.com/index.php/ijh 116 4 Cultivation Techniques for High-Yielding Potatoes 4.1 Selection of soil and planting environment The selection of soil and planting environment is crucial for achieving high yields in potato cultivation. Potatoes thrive in well-drained, loamy soils with a pH between 5.0 and 6.5. The soil should be rich in organic matter and have good aeration to support root development and tuber formation. The planting environment should have adequate sunlight and moderate temperatures, as extreme conditions can adversely affect growth and yield (Paul et al., 2017; Djaman et al., 2021). In regions with high temperatures, integrating soil management practices such as the application of farmyard manure and straw mulch can enhance soil properties and improve plant resilience. 4.2 Seed potato treatment and planting techniques The quality of seed potatoes significantly impacts the yield. Healthy, disease-free seed potatoes should be selected for planting. Treatments such as chemical etching and the use of biologically active preparations can enhance seed quality and vigor. Techniques like top bud direct seeding have shown to be effective, particularly in greenhouse settings, where they can lead to earlier maturity and higher yields (Wang et al., 2023). Proper spacing and depth during planting are also essential to ensure optimal growth conditions and prevent overcrowding, which can lead to reduced yields. 4.3 Fertilizer and water management techniques Effective fertilizer and water management are critical for maximizing potato yields. The application of balanced fertilizers, including nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, tailored to the specific needs of the potato variety and soil conditions, is essential. Studies have shown that the local application of mineral fertilizers combined with organic amendments like humic preparations can significantly boost yields (Myronova, 2023; Zinkovskaya et al., 2024). Irrigation methods such as drip and sprinkler systems should be optimized to maintain consistent soil moisture levels, which are vital for tuber development. Drip irrigation, in particular, has been found to improve water use efficiency and reduce tuber defects (Žunić et al., 2023). 4.4 Integrated pest and disease control measures Integrated pest and disease control measures are necessary to protect potato crops from various pathogens and pests that can severely impact yield and quality. Strategies include the use of disease-resistant cultivars, crop rotation, and the application of appropriate pesticides and fungicides. Maintaining soil health through organic amendments and proper irrigation can reduce the incidence of soil-borne diseases. Regular monitoring and early detection of pest and disease outbreaks are crucial for timely intervention and effective management (Zhang, 2024). 5 Key Factors Affecting the Yield of High-Yielding Potatoes 5.1 Soil fertility and nutrient supply Soil fertility and the appropriate supply of nutrients are critical for achieving high potato yields. The application of balanced fertilizers, including nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K), significantly influences tuber yield and quality. For instance, the highest yields were observed with the local application of mineral fertilizers in doses of N45P45K45, combined with half-rotted manure, which enhanced productivity by up to 41.1 t/ha in the Granada variety (Myronova, 2023). The quality of seed material and the background of fertilizers, such as N120P140K140, play a crucial role in optimizing yields. 5.2 Climate conditions and planting patterns 5.2.1 Effects of temperature on potato growth cycle Temperature is a pivotal factor affecting the potato growth cycle. Optimal tuber production occurs at temperatures between 15 °C~20 °C, while high temperatures (30 °C~35 °C) can significantly reduce net photosynthesis rates and deform vascular tissues, leading to lower yields (Paul et al., 2017). High temperatures also affect the translocation of photoassimilates, which is critical for tuber bulking and yield. Temperature variations in June and August, along with total precipitation in August, have been shown to significantly influence tuber yield (Lenartowicz et al., 2019).
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjQ4ODYzNA==