International Journal of Horticulture, 2025, Vol.15, No.3, 105-112 http://hortherbpublisher.com/index.php/ijh 106 2 Genetic Diversity Studies in Pineapple: Literature Landscape 2.1 Common molecular techniques Various molecular techniques have been widely used in the study of pineapple genetic diversity to assess and characterize genetic variation between and within different genotypes. Commonly used molecular markers include RAPD, RFLP, AFLP, SSR, and SNP (Duval et al., 2001; Kato et al., 2005; Paz et al., 2012; Zhou et al., 2015; Zhao and Qin, 2018). SSR markers are widely used in genetic diversity assessment due to their high polymorphism and good repeatability (Wang et al., 2017; Ismail et al., 2020; Nashima et al., 2020). AFLP markers have been used to reveal genetic relationships and diversity in specific germplasm resources (Carlier et al., 2010; Paz et al., 2012; Sheeja et al., 2021). 2.2 Traits commonly studied In pineapple genetic diversity studies, researchers often focus on traits related to breeding potential, such as yield, fruit size, fruit quality, and productivity (Zhao and Qin, 2018; Adje et al., 2019; Junior et al., 2021; Chen et al., 2024a; Chen et al., 2024b). Researchers also focused on specific traits, such as leaf margin phenotype and flesh color, and mined their contributing genes and QTLS by genome sequencing (Figure 1) (Nashima et al., 2022). The study of Sinaga and Marpaung (2024) showed that the study of stress resistance traits is also the focus, and the study of stress resistance traits is conducive to cultivating disease-resistant and stress-resistant pineapple varieties. Figure 1 Phenotype of leaf margin and flesh color in pineapples (Adopted from Nashima et al., 2022) Image caption: (a) Pipe-type leaf margin phenotype. (b) Spiny-type leaf margin phenotype. (c) White flesh color phenotype. (d) Yellow flesh color phenotype (Adopted from Nashima et al., 2022) 2.3 Need for meta-analytic consolidation It is necessary to conduct a meta-analysis in the field of pineapple genetic diversity. Meta-analyses integrate different studies to provide an understanding of genetic diversity patterns and trait associations for different germplasm resources. Junior et al. ’s study in 2021 demonstrated that the integration of meta-analyses helps to identify consistent genetic markers and traits that can be used in breeding programs to improve pineapple varieties. Meta-analysis is great for standardizing methods and results, which makes it easier to compare results across studies and regions.
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