International Journal of Horticulture, 2025, Vol.15, No.2, 91-98 http://hortherbpublisher.com/index.php/ijh 96 employed soil cultivation under the same low-light and low-temperature conditions as Group B (Figure 3). All groups followed the same watering schedule and method, with watering conducted every three days. For the hydroponic groups, old water in the containers was replaced with fresh water during watering. For the soil cultivation group, only plain water was used to moisten the soil, with no fertilizers or additives applied. Figure 3 Placement Environment of Narcissus tazetta subsp. chinensis Image caption: Group A (Hydroponics under sufficient light), Group B (Hydroponics under low light), and Group C (Soil cultivation under low light) 4.2 Cultivation methods: hydroponics and soil cultivation For hydroponic cultivation, the bulbs in Groups A and B were placed in transparent glass containers with water levels adjusted to just touch the base of the bulbs, avoiding full submersion to prevent rotting. Group A was positioned in a well-lit area of the office (e.g., windowsill), while Group B was placed in a low-light area of the office. To ensure the reliability of experimental results, the hydroponic containers remained stationary throughout the experiment, avoiding environmental variations that could affect outcomes. For soil cultivation, the bulbs in Group C were planted in uniformly sized flowerpots filled with evenly mixed loam soil. The soil was kept moist but not overwatered, avoiding waterlogging that could lead to root rot. The soil cultivation pots were placed in the same low-light environment as the hydroponic containers for Group B, enabling a direct comparison of the two cultivation methods under low-light conditions. No fertilizers or additives were used during the experiment to ensure that all groups relied solely on clear water and their respective cultivation media for nutrients. 4.3 Light conditions: adequate light and low-light environments Light conditions, a key variable in this experiment, were set up in two distinct environments. Group A was placed in an office environment with good natural light, receiving approximately 8 hours of daylight per day. The light primarily entered through windows, with no additional artificial light sources used. During the day, the room temperature was maintained at approximately 15 °C using air conditioning, while nighttime temperatures were around 5 °C, consistent with normal winter conditions. Groups B and C were placed in a low-light environment where light was minimal, with no supplementary lighting provided. The temperatures in this environment were lower than those for Group A, ranging from -1 °C to 5 °C during both day and night, reflecting natural winter conditions. This setup allowed for a comparative analysis of the effects of natural light and low-light conditions on the growth of Narcissus under two cultivation methods, providing practical insights for cultivating Narcissus in home settings.
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