International Journal of Horticulture, 2025, Vol.15, No.2, 91-98 http://hortherbpublisher.com/index.php/ijh 94 Figure 2 Growth comparison of Narcissus tazetta subsp. chinensis in Groups A, B, and C under different cultivation conditions (Photographed on January 20, 2025) Image caption: Group A: Narcissus tazetta subsp. chinensis grown hydroponically under sufficient light conditions exhibit vigorous leaf growth, uniform leaf length, and healthy green leaves. Flower buds have emerged, and some flowers have started to bloom; Group B: Narcissus tazetta subsp. chinensis grown hydroponically under low-light conditions show shorter and uneven leaf growth. The longest leaves are approximately 8 cm, with no flower buds visible; Group C: Narcissus tazetta subsp. chinensis grown in soil under low-light conditions show the poorest performance, with short, sparse leaves and almost stagnant growth. No flower buds have formed 3 Discussion Light is one of the critical environmental factors influencing plant growth. This study demonstrated that adequate light significantly enhances the growth and flowering of Narcissus tazetta subsp. chinensis. Under sufficient light conditions (Group A), the leaf length, number of flower buds, and flowering rate of Narcissus were markedly superior to those of other groups. This can be attributed to increased photosynthetic efficiency. Photosynthesis provides the energy required for plant growth, facilitates the accumulation and transportation of carbohydrates, and promotes flower bud differentiation and development (Qu et al., 2024). Adequate light also enhances chlorophyll synthesis, resulting in healthy green leaves in Group A, further underscoring the superiority of its overall growth. In contrast, low-light conditions (Groups B and C) significantly inhibited the growth rate and flowering ability of Narcissus tazetta subsp. chinensis. Group C, in particular, experienced almost stagnant growth due to the combined constraints of insufficient light and soil cultivation. This indicates that inadequate light directly reduces the accumulation of photosynthetic products, thereby limiting the plant's energy supply and metabolic activities. These findings align with previous research, further reinforcing the role of light as a decisive factor in plant growth, which provide a theoretical basis for improving the cultivation conditions of Narcissus tazetta subsp. chinensis (Bian and Pan, 2018; Rahimi Khonakdari et al., 2020). This study also revealed the differing effects of hydroponic and soil cultivation methods on the growth of daffodils under various environmental conditions. Under low-light conditions, Group B (hydroponics under low light) exhibited better growth performance than Group C (soil cultivation under low light). Although Group B showed poorer leaf length and growth uniformity, it was still significantly superior to Group C. This can be
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