International Journal of Horticulture, 2025, Vol.15, No.2, 80-90 http://hortherbpublisher.com/index.php/ijh 86 long-term impacts, is essential for providing relevant information to decision-makers in the wine industry (Figure 3) (Naulleau et al., 2021). Ensuring the sustainability of grape production also involves addressing the challenges posed by climate change, such as water scarcity and increased temperatures, through innovative and integrated management practices (Bonfante et al., 2017; Kızıldeniz et al., 2017). Figure 3 Conceptual diagram of the spatio-temporal model needed to design and evaluate strategies for adaptation to climate change across viticultural regions (Adopted from Naulleau et al., 2021) Image caption: A: temporal scale integration and associated adaptation levers; B: spatial factors; C: exploration of adaptation strategies; D: calculation of evaluation indicators. In yellow, blue, and brown, three adaptation strategies that consist of three different spatial combinations of adaptation levers (in green, orange, and dark blue) (Adopted from Naulleau et al., 2021)
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