IJH_2025v15n2

International Journal of Horticulture, 2025, Vol.15, No.2, 61-72 http://hortherbpublisher.com/index.php/ijh 64 enhance seedling growth by providing an optimal microenvironment. Regular monitoring and management of the nursery, including pest control and adequate watering, are crucial for maintaining seedling health and vigor (Li et al., 2022; Morillo-Coronado et al., 2022). 3.2 Appropriate planting density and methods Planting density is a key factor affecting the yield of yellow pitaya, with its optimal level determined by soil fertility, climate, and cultivation practices. Goenaga et al. (2020) compared the yield and fruit quality of different pitaya varieties and highlighted that optimizing planting density can increase individual fruit weight and sugar content while reducing disease incidence. Proper planting density helps minimize competition for resources such as water and nutrients and lowers the risk of disease transmission. Studies have shown that high-density planting, with a spacing of 50 cm between plants, can effectively enhance fruit yield (Victor et al., 2021). This density facilitates efficient use of space and resources, thereby increasing productivity per unit area. Planting design for yellow pitaya should account for its spatial requirements to ensure adequate sunlight and air circulation. Row arrangements should be optimized to maximize light exposure and can incorporate intercropping with other crops to enhance land use efficiency and potentially reduce pest and disease incidence (Loureiro et al., 2020). For example, alternating different pitaya varieties can help optimize space utilization. Additionally, due to the climbing nature of yellow pitaya, proper trellises and support structures are essential for managing plants and facilitating harvest. Vertical trellis systems are commonly employed to support the plants, encouraging upward growth and ensuring that fruits do not come into contact with the ground. This approach minimizes the risks of rot and pest infestations (Morillo-Coronado et al., 2022; Trindade et al., 2023). 3.3 Planting substrate and soil management The ideal planting substrate for yellow pitaya should have excellent drainage and be rich in organic matter. Commonly used substrates include a mixture of sand, perlite, and compost, which provide the necessary aeration and balanced nutrient supply. The substrate pH should range from slightly acidic to neutral (approximately 6.0 to 7.0) to ensure optimal nutrient absorption by the plant roots (Alves et al., 2021). Studies have found that mixing sandy soil with organic compost in a 3:2 ratio offers excellent aeration and a balanced nutrient supply. Adding vermicompost and mountain microorganisms to the substrate can further improve soil structure and enhance microbial activity, thereby promoting plant growth (Fratoni et al., 2019; Victor et al., 2021). Soil preparation should incorporate the application of organic matter to improve soil fertility and structure. Applying compound fertilizers containing nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (e.g., N-P2O5-K2O at a ratio of 8-20-20) significantly enhances seedling growth and nutrient accumulation (Fratoni et al., 2019). The use of organic fertilizers such as cow, sheep, and horse manure is an effective way to provide sustainable nutrients and improve soil health (Victor et al., 2021). Regular soil testing is recommended to monitor nutrient levels and adjust fertilization practices accordingly. Mulching around the plant base helps retain soil moisture, regulate temperature, and reduce weed growth, thereby supporting overall plant health (Thakur, 2021). 4 Water and Fertilizer Management of Yellow Pitaya (Selenicereus megalanthus) 4.1 Water management and irrigation strategies Effective irrigation scheduling is crucial for optimizing the growth and yield of yellow pitaya. Regular monitoring of soil moisture levels and adjusting irrigation frequency based on climatic conditions and plant needs can help maintain optimal hydration. Studies have shown that pitaya plants benefit from consistent moisture, particularly during flowering and fruiting stages, to ensure high-quality fruit production (Morillo-Coronado et al., 2022). Implementing efficient irrigation techniques such as drip irrigation can significantly enhance water use efficiency and reduce wastage. Drip irrigation delivers water directly to the root zone, minimizing evaporation and runoff. This method is particularly beneficial in arid regions where water conservation is critical. Additionally, mulching around the base of the plants can help retain soil moisture and reduce the frequency of irrigation (Morillo-Coronado et al., 2022; Oltehua-Lopez et al., 2023).

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